7. Saponin & Cyanophore glycosides Flashcards
What are the properties of saponin glycosides?
- They form colloidal solutions in water that foam upon shaking.
- They have bitter, acid taste.
- Drugs containing them are sternutatory and otherwise irritating to mucous membrane.
- They destroy red blood corpuscle by hemolysis and are toxic.
- Upon hydrolysis they yeild an aglycone known as Sapogenin.
What are the types of saponin glycosides?
Saponin glycosides are of two types based on chemical structure of their glycones (sapogenins):
1. Neutral saponins
2. Acid saponins
What are neutral saponins?
They are derivatives of steroids with spiroketal side chains.
What are acid saponins?
They possess triterpenoid structure.
What is the source of saponin glycosides?
Glychrriza
What is glychrriza?
It is dried rhizome and roots of glycchriza glabra.
It is also called licorice root.
What is the family of glycchriza?
Fabaceae
What parts of glycchriza is used?
Root and rhizome of this plant are used as folk medicine.
What are the constituents of glycchriza?
▪︎ Glycyrrhizin
▪︎ Glycyrrhetic acid upon hydrolysis yeild two molecules of glucoronic acid
▪︎ Flavonoid glycosides (liquiritin and isoliquiritin)
▪︎ Starch
Explain the collection of glycchriza?
▪︎ Propagation is generally done by rhizome cutting that are planted in rows about 1.3 meter apart.
▪︎ At the end of third or forth year the rhizome and roots are dug.
▪︎ Washed material is air dried (4 to 6 months) and packed into bales.
What are the uses of glycchriza?
▪︎ It possess demulcent and expectorant properties.
▪︎ Used as flavouring agent.
▪︎ Pharmacologically, it posess Anti-inflammatory properties.
▪︎ It is employed in the treatment of peptic ulcer and of Addison’s disease.
In which forms are glycchriza available?
Gel, lozenges, candies, patches, cream, chewing tobacco, tea.
What is sarsaparilla?
Sarsaparilla is obtained from several topical species of Smilax i.e; S. Ornata and S. officinalis.
what is the family of sarsaparilla?
Smilacaceae
What part of sarsaparilla is used?
Root
What are the constituents of sarsaparilla?
▪︎ Steroidal saponins include Sarsaponin and Smilacin
▪︎ Flavonol glycosides such as isoastilbin and isoengetitin
▪︎ Others include starch, resin, cetyl alchohal, volatile oil, ferulic acid and quercetin
What is the collection of sarsaparilla?
▪︎ Plants are climbing vines, thrives best in hot and humid climates.
▪︎ Harvested after attaining 2-3 years of age.
▪︎ Harvested roots washed well and dried in Sun.
What are the uses of sarsaparilla?
Sarsaparilla used in the treatment of;
▪︎ Psoriasis (rash, scaly patches on skin)
▪︎ Syphilis (sexually transmitted infection by bacteria)
▪︎ Rhuematoid arthritis
▪︎ Reduce fluid retention by increasing urination
▪︎ Beverage condiment in soft drinks
▪︎ Consuming large amounts cause stomach irritations
What are cyanophore glycosides?
▪︎ Several glycosides yeilding hydrocyanic acid as one of the products of hydrolysis are commonly found in rosaceous plants.
▪︎ They are sometimes called cynaogenic glycosides.
▪︎ The most widely distributed of theses is amygdalin.
What is the biosynthesis of glycosides?
From slides
What is the source of cyanophore glycosides?
Wild cherry
What is wild cherry?
It is carefully derived stem bark or prunus serotina.
What is the family of wild cherry?
Rosaceae
What is the part used of wild cherry?
Bark and fruit
The yeild of hydrocyanic acid varies from 0.23% to 0.32% in inner bark and 0.03% in trunk bark.
What are the constituents of wild cherry?
▪︎ Cyanogenic glycosides
▪︎ Prunasin (formed by hydrolysis of amygdalin)
▪︎ Prunase enzyme
▪︎ Volatile oil
▪︎ Starch
What are the uses of wild cherry?
▪︎ Wild cherry in syrup form js employed as flavoured vehicle especially in cough medicines.
▪︎ It has been considered as sedative expectorant.
