7. Saponin & Cyanophore glycosides

Question 1

What are the properties of saponin glycosides?

Answer 1

• They form colloidal solutions in water that foam upon shaking.
• They have bitter, acid taste.
• Drugs containing them are sternutatory and otherwise irritating to mucous membrane.
• They destroy red blood corpuscle by hemolysis and are toxic.
• Upon hydrolysis they yeild an aglycone known as Sapogenin.

Question 2

What are the types of saponin glycosides?

Answer 2

Saponin glycosides are of two types based on chemical structure of their glycones (sapogenins):
1. Neutral saponins
2. Acid saponins

Question 3

What are neutral saponins?

Answer 3

They are derivatives of steroids with spiroketal side chains.

Question 4

What are acid saponins?

Answer 4

They possess triterpenoid structure.

Question 5

What is the source of saponin glycosides?

Answer 5

Glychrriza

Question 6

What is glychrriza?

Answer 6

It is dried rhizome and roots of glycchriza glabra.
It is also called licorice root.

Question 7

What is the family of glycchriza?

Answer 7

Fabaceae

Question 8

What parts of glycchriza is used?

Answer 8

Root and rhizome of this plant are used as folk medicine.

Question 9

What are the constituents of glycchriza?

Answer 9

▪︎ Glycyrrhizin
▪︎ Glycyrrhetic acid upon hydrolysis yeild two molecules of glucoronic acid
▪︎ Flavonoid glycosides (liquiritin and isoliquiritin)
▪︎ Starch

Question 10

Explain the collection of glycchriza?

Answer 10

▪︎ Propagation is generally done by rhizome cutting that are planted in rows about 1.3 meter apart.
▪︎ At the end of third or forth year the rhizome and roots are dug.
▪︎ Washed material is air dried (4 to 6 months) and packed into bales.

Question 11

What are the uses of glycchriza?

Answer 11

▪︎ It possess demulcent and expectorant properties.
▪︎ Used as flavouring agent.
▪︎ Pharmacologically, it posess Anti-inflammatory properties.
▪︎ It is employed in the treatment of peptic ulcer and of Addison’s disease.

Question 12

In which forms are glycchriza available?

Answer 12

Gel, lozenges, candies, patches, cream, chewing tobacco, tea.

Question 13

What is sarsaparilla?

Answer 13

Sarsaparilla is obtained from several topical species of Smilax i.e; S. Ornata and S. officinalis.

Question 14

what is the family of sarsaparilla?

Answer 14

Smilacaceae

Question 15

What part of sarsaparilla is used?

Answer 15

Root

Question 16

What are the constituents of sarsaparilla?

Answer 16

▪︎ Steroidal saponins include Sarsaponin and Smilacin
▪︎ Flavonol glycosides such as isoastilbin and isoengetitin
▪︎ Others include starch, resin, cetyl alchohal, volatile oil, ferulic acid and quercetin

Question 17

What is the collection of sarsaparilla?

Answer 17

▪︎ Plants are climbing vines, thrives best in hot and humid climates.
▪︎ Harvested after attaining 2-3 years of age.
▪︎ Harvested roots washed well and dried in Sun.

Question 18

What are the uses of sarsaparilla?

Answer 18

Sarsaparilla used in the treatment of;
▪︎ Psoriasis (rash, scaly patches on skin)
▪︎ Syphilis (sexually transmitted infection by bacteria)
▪︎ Rhuematoid arthritis
▪︎ Reduce fluid retention by increasing urination
▪︎ Beverage condiment in soft drinks
▪︎ Consuming large amounts cause stomach irritations

Question 19

What are cyanophore glycosides?

Answer 19

▪︎ Several glycosides yeilding hydrocyanic acid as one of the products of hydrolysis are commonly found in rosaceous plants.
▪︎ They are sometimes called cynaogenic glycosides.
▪︎ The most widely distributed of theses is amygdalin.

Question 20

What is the biosynthesis of glycosides?

Answer 20

From slides

Question 21

What is the source of cyanophore glycosides?

Answer 21

Wild cherry

Question 22

What is wild cherry?

Answer 22

It is carefully derived stem bark or prunus serotina.

Question 23

What is the family of wild cherry?

Answer 23

Rosaceae

Question 24

What is the part used of wild cherry?

Answer 24

Bark and fruit
The yeild of hydrocyanic acid varies from 0.23% to 0.32% in inner bark and 0.03% in trunk bark.

Question 25

What are the constituents of wild cherry?

Answer 25

▪︎ Cyanogenic glycosides
▪︎ Prunasin (formed by hydrolysis of amygdalin)
▪︎ Prunase enzyme
▪︎ Volatile oil
▪︎ Starch

Question 26

What are the uses of wild cherry?

Answer 26

▪︎ Wild cherry in syrup form js employed as flavoured vehicle especially in cough medicines.
▪︎ It has been considered as sedative expectorant.