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Pharmacognosy > 12. Fixed oils (Coconut oil - soybean oil) > Flashcards

12. Fixed oils (Coconut oil - soybean oil) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the botanical origin of coconut oil?

A

Cocos nucifera

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2
Q

Give extraction of coconut oil?

A

Coconut oil is obtained by expression or solvent extraction from the dried solid parts of the endosperm of cocos nucifera.

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3
Q

What is the iodine number of coconut oil?

A

7.5 - 10.5

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4
Q

What % of oil is extracted from coconut?

A

The result obtained from the analysis showed that coconut seed has light golden oil with percentage yield of20.11%

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5
Q

What are the constituents of coconut oil?

A

Saturated Fatty acids
Lauric acid
Capric acid
Caprylic acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid

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6
Q

What are uses of coconut oil?

A
  1. It is widely used as edible fats in confectionaries, cosmetics and pharmaceutically in ointment bases.
  2. Natural skin moisturizer
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7
Q

What is the botanical origin of almond?

A

Prunus amygdalis

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8
Q

Which is the sweet variety of almond vs. the bitter variety of almond?

A

Dulcis variety: sweet
Amara variety: bitter

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9
Q

Give oil content of almond oil?

A

Oil content varied from58.8% to 43.85%of the total kernel dry weight.

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10
Q

What is iodine number of almond oil?

A

94-105

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11
Q

Give preparation of almond oil?

A

Almond oil is obtained by grinding the seeds and expressing, them in canvas bags between slightly heated iron plates. The oil is clarified and filtrated
It is a pale yellow liquid with a slight odour and bland nutty taste
Bitter almonds, after maceration on hydrolysis of amygdalin yield a volatile oil that is used as a flavouring agent. Sweet almonds are extensively used as a food, but bitter almonds are not suitable for this purpose.

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12
Q

What are constituents of almond oil?

A

Seeds contain:
Fixed oil 40-45%
Proteins & mucilage
Oil contains:
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid

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13
Q

Give uses of almond oil?

A
  1. Emollient
  2. Mild laxative
  3. Vehicle for oily injections
  4. An ingredient in cosmetics
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14
Q

What is the botanical origin of linseed oil?

A

Linum usitatissimum

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15
Q

What is the synonym of linseed oil?

A

Flaxseed/alsi oil

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16
Q

What is the iodine number of linseed oil?

A

170-204

17
Q

What is the % of oil in linseed oil?

A

33-43 % of oil by dry weight

18
Q

What are the constituents of linseed oil?

A

Linseed oil composed of the glycerides of the following fatty acids:
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Linolenic acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid

19
Q

What are the uses of linseed oil?

A

It is used as demulcent
In the form of poultices for gouty and rheumatic swellings
Linseed oil has emollient, expectorant, diuretic, and laxative properties and it is utilized externally in lotions and liniments.

20
Q

What is the botanical origin of mustard oil?

A

Brassica nigra (black mustard)
Brassica jucea (brown mustard)

21
Q

What content of oil is present in seeds?

A

Mustard seeds. generally contain oil content from36% to 46%

22
Q

What is the iodine value of mustard oil?

A

With an iodine value of96 – 107 (black mustard oil) or 92 – 108 (white mustard oil), mustard oil is a semidrying oil, which means that it dries to a certain degree on contact with atmospheric oxygen.

23
Q

What are the constituents of mustard oil?

A

Mustard oil contains glycerides of :
Erucic acid
Oleic acid
lenoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Eicosenoic acid
Myristic acid

24
Q

What are the constituents of black mustard oil?

A

Black mustard seed contains 35-40% fixed oil and a glycoside known as sinigrin along with an enzyme myrosin. Allyl isothiocyanate is responsible for strong acrid smell of volatile oil of mustard produced on hydrolysis of glycoside.

25
Q

What are the uses of mustard oil?

A
  1. Fixed oil is used as Edible oil after refining
  2. Medicinal properties are due to allylisothiocyanate which is is a local irritant and emetic
  3. Hair treatment
  4. Rubifacient if applied externally
  5. Infant massage oil
  6. Cosmetics like soap, shampoo etc
  7. Refined mustard oil is used in vegetable ghee
25
Q

What is the iodine value of

A

The average range of iodine value is 104-120

25
Q

What is the botanical origin of sesame oil?

A

Sesamum indicum

26
Q

What % of oil is contained in sesame seeds?

A

Sesame seed contains50-60%of high quality oil which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and natural antioxidants, sesamin, & sesamolin

27
Q

What are the constituents of sesame oil?

A

Seeds contain:
Fixed oil 45%
Oil contains:
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid
Lignan (Sesamin) 1% and related sesamolin and vitamin A and E
During Refining sesamolin is readily converted into antioxidant phenols sesamol and sesamolinol.

28
Q

What are the uses of sesame oil?

A
  1. Solvent for IM injections for steroids,antibiotic and hormones
  2. Demulcent & emollient
  3. Mild Laxative
  4. Anti-oxidant
  5. Headache pain and anxiety
  6. The oil is used in insecticidal sprays
  7. Hair treatment and body massage
  8. SESAMOLIN contained in the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil is an effective synergist for pyrethrum insecticides.
  9. An extract rich in lignans as an antioxidant and radical scavenger is used in cosmetic industry.
29
Q

What is the botanical origin of soybean oil?

A

Glycine max

30
Q

What is oil content of soybean seeds?

A

Cultivated soybean seeds have an oil content of approximately18–22%, whereas wild soybean seeds contain about 8–10% oil

31
Q

What is the iodine value of soybean oil?

A

The average range of iodine value is 124-139

32
Q

What are the constituents of soybean oil?

A

Soybean oil contains:
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Linolenic acid
Palmitic acid Stearic acid

33
Q

What are the uses of soybean oil?

A

1 Extensively used as varnishes
2. Plant sterols, chemicals derived from soybean oil, are used to lower totalcholesterol and “bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol.
3. Specially processed soybean oil is used to treatosteoarthritis.
4. Some people apply soybean oil directly to theskinto repelmosquitoesand other insects.
5. Soybean oil is also used as a nutritional supplement in intravenous feedings.

Pharmacognosy (18 decks)

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