7 - Role of Dental Calculus and Local Predisposing Factors Flashcards

1
Q

primary cause of gingival inflammation

A

dental biofilm in a susceptible host

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2
Q

local predisposing (secondary) factor of gingival inflammation

A
  1. Calculus
  2. latrogenic Factors
  3. Malocclusion
  4. Complications Associated with Orthodontics
  5. Self-inflicted Injuries
  6. Chewing tobacco
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3
Q

when is mineralized bacterial plaque that forms on teeth, implants, and prostheses (dentures, partials, crowns, retainers)

A

calculus

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4
Q

what color is supragingival calculus

A

white and yellow

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5
Q

what are the common areas to find supragingival calculus

A
  1. buccal of maxillary molars
  2. lingual mandibular incisors
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6
Q

what empties near buccal of maxillary molars

A

stenson’s duct (parotid gland)

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7
Q

what empties near lingual of mandibular incisors

A

wharton’s duct (submandibular gland) and bartholin’s duct (sublingual gland)

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8
Q

what is the source of mineralization for supragingival calculus

A

saliva

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9
Q

what is located below marginal gingiva, not visible, detectable with an explorere or probe, dark brown or green/black, firmly attached, difficult to remove

A

subgingival calculus

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10
Q

when does subgingival calclulus become supragingival

A

if gingiva recedes

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11
Q

what does removal of subgingival plaque and calculus do

A

Reduces gingival inflammation
Reduces probing depths
Gains in clinical attachment (Decrease in clinical attachment level/loss)

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12
Q

can calculus be visible on a radiograph? can this be used to indicated the bottom of the pocket?

A
  • yes
  • location does not indicate bottom of pocket
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13
Q

what is the inorganic composition of calculus (70-90%)

A

Calcium phosphate - largest component
Calcium carbonate
Magnesium phosphate - traces
Crystalline structures

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14
Q

what are crystalline structures found in inorganic calculus and location

A
  1. Hydroxyapatite - most common
  2. Magnesium whitlockite - posterior
  3. Octacalcium phosphate
  4. Brushite - mandibular anterior
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15
Q

what is organic composition of calculus

A
  1. protein-polysaccharide complexes
  2. epithelial cells
  3. leukocytes
  4. microorganisms
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16
Q

what are salivary proteins that are found only in SUPRAgingival calculus

A

protein-polysaccharide complexes

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17
Q

what does calculus attach to on tooth surface

A

organic pellicle on cementum or enamel

18
Q

how does calculus attach to tooth surface

A
  • mechanical locking to surface irregularity
  • close adaptation to depressions of cementum
  • penetration into cementum
19
Q

calculus is plaque that has undergone what

A

mineralization

20
Q

mineralization starts how many days after plaque formation

21
Q

plaque hardens thru precipitation of what crystalline salts

A

crystalline calcium phosphate salts

22
Q

do separate foci of calcification increase in size and coalesce to form solid masses of calculus

23
Q

does mineralization of plaque generally start intra or extra cellulary

A

Mineralization of plaque generally starts extracellularly.
Some organisms calcify intracellularly.

24
Q

pH is elevated by what

A

pH elevated by CO2 and ammonia produced by bacteria in plaque
Protein degradation
Stagnation

25
how does the precipitation of phosphate salts occurs
lowering precipitation constant
26
source of mineralization for: supragingival calc subgingival cal
supragingival: saliva subgingival: serum transudate (GCF)
27
what is in anti-tartar toothpaste? how does it work
***sodium pyrophosphate*** - Sodium pyrophosphate is soluble - Calcium phosphate not yet bonded to tooth will be attracted to sodium pyrophosphate - Soluble compound forms instead of calcium phosphate (calculus)
28
what is a contributing factor, covered by layer of non-mineralized plaque, and provides nidus for plaque accumulation and retains it close to the gingiva
calculus
29
iatrogenic factors in gingival inflammation
inadequate dental procedures: Overhanging margins Overcontoured restorations Subgingival margins Roughness of restoration in the subgingival area Inadequate marginal fit (short margin) Open contacts
30
does PRDP favor accumulation of plaque? what does this increase?
YES! increases: tooth mobility, gingival inflammation, and perio pocket formation
31
does tooth crowding make plaque control more difficult
yes duh
32
does malocclusion have prominent roots of teeth in buccal/lingual version with SMALL quantities of attached gingiva
YES
33
is malocclusion susceptible to gingival recession
YES
34
how can ortho create dehiscene
ortho may move tooth facially thru thin bone
35
malocclusion can be followed by what
recession
36
what are complications associated with ortho
- ortho increases plaque retension - may lead to gingival inflammation and enlargement
37
what are examples of self-inflicted injuries
1. toothbrush trauma 2. tobacco pouchkeratosis 3. chewing tobacco associated with recession 4. oral jewelry
38
what injuries are associated with oral jewelry
recession, bone loss, fractures enamel and porcelain restorations
39
what is the primary etiological factor in gingivitis and periodontitis
edntal biofilm
40
plaque calcifies thru precipitation of what
calcium phosphate