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23 Periodontology > 4 - Biofilm and Periodontal Microbiology > Flashcards

4 - Biofilm and Periodontal Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

organisms must adhere to what to survive in oral cavity

A

soft or hard surfaces

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2
Q

following tooth eruption, what is established

A

complex oral flora

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3
Q

what are niches for bacterial colonization

A

Teeth, implants,
dentures, crowns
Periodontal/
Peri-implant pocket
Buccal/Palatal
epithelium, floor of the
mouth
Dorsum of tongue
Tonsils
Saliva

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4
Q

what is the port of entry for periopathogens

A

teeth

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5
Q

what is the primary habitat for periopathogens

A

teeth

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6
Q

___ and ___
decrease in quantity after full-mouth tooth
extraction

A

A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis

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7
Q

how is bacteria removed

A

Swallowing
Mastication
Blowing the nose
Tongue and oral hygiene
Saliva, nasal fluid, GCF outflow
Cilia (nasal and sinus walls)
Cell turnover
Junctional epithelium

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8
Q

what is biofilm

A

bacteria in matrix of glycoproteins and polysaccharides

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9
Q

can biofilm be removed by rinsing or sprays

A

no

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10
Q

what is Soft accumulations of food, bacteria, and
tissue cells
Lacks organization

A

materia alba

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11
Q

can materia alba be removed by water spray

A

yes

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12
Q

what is at or above the gingival margin

A

supragingival

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13
Q

what is below the gingival margin

A

subgingival

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14
Q

does subgingival mcirobiotia have low oxidation reduction potential

A

yes

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15
Q

is subgingival microbiota in aerobic or anaerobic environment

A

anaerobic

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16
Q

what is necessary for survival and created by deep periodontal pocket in subgingival microbiota

A

anaerobic environment

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17
Q

can you spread disease from one perio site to another by probing

A

no

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18
Q

can you infect a healthy site (2 mm sulcus) by probing it right after a 9 mm pocket

A

unlikely bc 2 mm -> sulcus doesn’t have susceptible site shallow and anerobic

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19
Q

what is an organized structure of mature plaque

A

biofilm

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20
Q

microcolonies of biofilm are distributed in a shaped matrix or ___

A

glycocalyx

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21
Q

what are open fluid-filled channels running thru plaque mass

A

biofilm

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22
Q

what acts as primitive circulatory system to bring nutrients to bacteria

A

biofilm

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23
Q

what is:

Free-floating bacteria
Not in an organized biofilm
More susceptible to antibiotics

A

planktonic bacteria

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24
Q

function of biofilm

A
  1. Barrier
  2. Retains substances produced by bacteria and
    concentrates them
  3. Fosters metabolic interaction among different
    bacterial species
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25
Q

what is more resistant to antibiotics

A

biofilm - barrier to antibiotic and slower rate of growth of bacteria in biofilm

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26
Q

what is the clinical significance of biofilm

A

Biofilm must be “disturbed” in order for antibiotics
to be effective.
Scaling and root planing disturbs biofilm.

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27
Q

how is dental biofilm formed

A

Pellicle formation
Receptor sites for bacteria (peptides, proteins,
glycoproteins)
Initial adhesion of bacteria
Colonization/ biofilm maturation

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28
Q

what is:
Saliva-derived layer
Glycoproteins, peptides, proteins (keratins,
mucins)
Deposited within 1 minute after prophy
Function as receptor sites for bacteria

A

pellicle

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29
Q

what are primary colonizers

A
  1. streptococus spp
  2. actinomyces spp.
  3. capnocytophaga spp.
  4. eikenella corrodens
  5. veillonella parvula
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30
Q

what are types of streptococcus sp

A

s. sanguinis, s. mitis, s. oralis

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31
Q

what are types of actinmyces

A

a. israelii, a. naeuslundii, a. oris

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32
Q

what are types of capnocytophaga spp

A

c. gingivalis, c. ochracea

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33
Q

what are secondary colonizers

A

anaerobic, gram-negative flora

idk if need to know specifics but:
Campylobacter rectus
Eubacterium nodatum
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Fusobacterium vincentii
Parviomonas micra
Prevotella intermedia
Tannerella forsythia
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Treonema denticola

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34
Q

surface micro-roughness facilitates what? examples

A

facilitates bacterial adhesion
ex: overhangs and rough restorations

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35
Q

what is the nonspecific plaque hypothesis

A

Periodontal disease results from
- accumulation of biofilm over time
- eventual diminished host response
- increased susceptibility with age

Higher production of noxious products from large amount of biofilm overwhelms host defenses

36
Q

what is the specific plaque hypothesis

A

Only certain plaque is pathogenic.
Pathogenicity from presence or increase in
specific microorganisms.
Key organisms produce toxic substances which mediate
host tissue destruction.

37
Q

what is the ecological plaque hypothesis

A

Unifies existing theories
Both total amount of dental biofilm and specific
microbial composition are important in disease.

38
Q

what is health-associated dental biofilm microbiota in steady-state

A

microbial homeostasis

39
Q

in ecological plaque hypothesis, change in host response is elicited by what

A

Increased biofilm
Immune disorder
Hormones (pregnancy)
Smoking
Inflammation
Tissue degradation
GCF flow increase

40
Q

ecological plaque hypothesis is affected by what

A
  1. microenvironmental changes
  2. beneficial species decerase
  3. pathogensis species results in increased perio disease results
41
Q

microbial dysbiosis microbiota results in what

A

periodontitis

42
Q

T/F: Microbial synergy among biofilm colonizers shapes a
disease-provoking microbial profile that disrupts the host
equilibrium, leading to disease.

A

true

43
Q

___ drive a reduction in
microbial diversity (blooms of pathogens), resulting in
more severe disease phenotype.

A

Environmental perturbations

44
Q

how to return to microbial homeostasis

A

eliminate etiologic stimulus (microbial, host, or environmental)

45
Q

what is the community as a pathogen hypothesis

A
  • Periodontal microbial community is a
    metaorganism
    United behavior of the community results in disease
  • Keystone pathogen concept
    Not proven
46
Q

what is a keystone pathogen

A

p.gingivalis

47
Q

is p. gingivalis a potent stand-alone inducer of inflammation

A

NO

48
Q

what is subversive species even in low abundance

A

keystone pathogen (e.g., p. gingivalis)

49
Q

T/F: The ABSENCE of P. gingivalis in the micriobial
biofilm elevates the pathogenicity by disrupting
host-bacteria homeostasis.

A

FALSE. PRESENCE

50
Q

what are microorganisms associated with periodontal disease - gingivitis

A

Parvimonas micra
Capnocytophaga sp.
Fusobacterium sp.
Campylobacter sp.
*Fewer numbers of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, Prevotella
intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans

51
Q

what are microorganisms associated with perio disease - pregnanvy asociated gingivitis

A

p. intermedia

52
Q

what are microorganisms associated w/ periodontitis

she said to know this and it’s really really long list :(

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis
Treponema denticola
Tannerella forsythia
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Filifacor alocis (newly identified)
Prevotella intermedia
Prevotella nigrescens
Campylobacter rectus
Eikenella corrodens
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Parvimonas micra
Eubacterium nodatum
Selenomonas sputigena

53
Q

what microorganism is mostly attributed to molar/incisor pattern periodontitis (formerly localized aggressive perio)? others?

A

A.a. (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans)

others: P. gingivalis
E. corrodens
C. rectus
F. nucleatum
Capnocytophaga sp.
Spirochetes

54
Q

what are microbiota of periodontal abscesses

A

P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
P. melaninogenica
F. nucleatum
T. forsythia
Treponema spp.
Campylobacter spp.
Capnocytophaga spp.
A. actinomycetemcomitans

55
Q

from health to gingivits what is the proportional microbial shift of disease

A

it goes from small amount of - rods to mostly gram - rods in periodontitis

56
Q

what is the etiology of perio disease

A

Susceptible host
Pathogenic species
Absence or small proportion of beneficial species
Altered local environment

57
Q

what is inflammatory process around a dental implant resulting in loss of bone. this is simlar to peripathogens found in periodontitis

A

peri-implantitis

58
Q

what are key periopathogens

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Tannerella forsythia
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Campylobacter rectus
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Parvimonas micra
Eubacterium nodatum
Spirochetes
Eikenella corrodens

59
Q

is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans:

gram - or +
motile or non-motile

A

gram negative, non-motile

60
Q

what are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans virulence factors

A

LPS, leukotoxin, collagenase, protease

61
Q

what is an endotoxin involved in bone resorption

A

LPS

62
Q

what kills PMNs, monocytes, and lymphocytes

A

leukotoxin

63
Q

what destroys CT

A

collagenase

64
Q

what cleaves IgG

A

protease

65
Q

is tannerella forsythia:

gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile

A

gram -, obligate anerobe, non-motile

66
Q

virulence factors for tannerella forsythia

A

proteolytic enzymes and its inductino of apoptosis of PMNs and monocytes

67
Q

what destroys immunoglobulin

A

proteolytic enzymes

68
Q

is porphyromonas gingivalis:

gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile

A

gram -, obligate anaerobe, and non-motile

69
Q

virulence factors for porphyromonas gingivalis

A

fimbrae, capsule, protease, hemolysin, collagenase

70
Q

what virulence factor does adhesion

A

fimbrae

71
Q

what defends against phagocytosis

A

capsule

72
Q

prevotella intermedia

gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile

A

gram -, strict anaerobe, non-motile

73
Q

what is less virulent than P. gingivalis and is a black pigmented conloney on blood agar

A

prevotella intermedia

74
Q

campylobacter rectus

gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile

A

gram -
anerobe
motile (flagellum)

75
Q

virulence factor of campylobacter rectus

A

LEUKOTOXIN

76
Q

fusobacterium nucleatum

gram - or +
anaerobe and aerobe
virulence factor

A

gram -
anaerobe
virulence factors: INDUCES APOPTOSIS (of PMNs, monocytes)

77
Q

parvimonas micra

gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe

A

gram + cocci, obligate anaerobe

78
Q

eubacterium nodarum

gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe

A

gram + rod
obligate anaerobe

79
Q

what bacteria in NG

A

spirochetes

80
Q

spirochets
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non motile

A

gram negative helical rod
obligate anaerobe
motile

81
Q

virulence factors of spirochetes

A

PENETRATE EPI AND CT
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME
COLLAGENASE

82
Q

eikenelle corrodens

gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
resistant to what

A

Pleomorphic bacillus (Coccobacilliary)
Gram-negative
Facultative anaerobe
Resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and
metronidazole

83
Q

what virus is found in periodontal pockets

A

herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, EBV

84
Q

what may accelerate periodontitis thru synergistic modulation of local immune response within pocket

A

viruses

85
Q

using what substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit

A

prebiotics

86
Q

use of prebiotics example

A

toothpaste supplemented with arginine increases pH and is a beneficial oral microbiota shift

arginine stimulates H2O2 production by S. gordonii which is harmful to perio pathogens

87
Q

in addition to periodontal pathogens, a ___, ___, and ___ is necessary for disease to result

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST, ALTERED LOCAL ENVIRONMENT, DECREASED BENEFICIAL SPECIES

23 Periodontology (13 decks)

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