4 - Biofilm and Periodontal Microbiology Flashcards
organisms must adhere to what to survive in oral cavity
soft or hard surfaces
following tooth eruption, what is established
complex oral flora
what are niches for bacterial colonization
Teeth, implants,
dentures, crowns
Periodontal/
Peri-implant pocket
Buccal/Palatal
epithelium, floor of the
mouth
Dorsum of tongue
Tonsils
Saliva
what is the port of entry for periopathogens
teeth
what is the primary habitat for periopathogens
teeth
___ and ___
decrease in quantity after full-mouth tooth
extraction
A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis
how is bacteria removed
Swallowing
Mastication
Blowing the nose
Tongue and oral hygiene
Saliva, nasal fluid, GCF outflow
Cilia (nasal and sinus walls)
Cell turnover
Junctional epithelium
what is biofilm
bacteria in matrix of glycoproteins and polysaccharides
can biofilm be removed by rinsing or sprays
no
what is Soft accumulations of food, bacteria, and
tissue cells
Lacks organization
materia alba
can materia alba be removed by water spray
yes
what is at or above the gingival margin
supragingival
what is below the gingival margin
subgingival
does subgingival mcirobiotia have low oxidation reduction potential
yes
is subgingival microbiota in aerobic or anaerobic environment
anaerobic
what is necessary for survival and created by deep periodontal pocket in subgingival microbiota
anaerobic environment
can you spread disease from one perio site to another by probing
no
can you infect a healthy site (2 mm sulcus) by probing it right after a 9 mm pocket
unlikely bc 2 mm -> sulcus doesn’t have susceptible site shallow and anerobic
what is an organized structure of mature plaque
biofilm
microcolonies of biofilm are distributed in a shaped matrix or ___
glycocalyx
what are open fluid-filled channels running thru plaque mass
biofilm
what acts as primitive circulatory system to bring nutrients to bacteria
biofilm
what is:
Free-floating bacteria
Not in an organized biofilm
More susceptible to antibiotics
planktonic bacteria
function of biofilm
- Barrier
- Retains substances produced by bacteria and
concentrates them - Fosters metabolic interaction among different
bacterial species
what is more resistant to antibiotics
biofilm - barrier to antibiotic and slower rate of growth of bacteria in biofilm
what is the clinical significance of biofilm
Biofilm must be “disturbed” in order for antibiotics
to be effective.
Scaling and root planing disturbs biofilm.
how is dental biofilm formed
Pellicle formation
Receptor sites for bacteria (peptides, proteins,
glycoproteins)
Initial adhesion of bacteria
Colonization/ biofilm maturation
what is:
Saliva-derived layer
Glycoproteins, peptides, proteins (keratins,
mucins)
Deposited within 1 minute after prophy
Function as receptor sites for bacteria
pellicle
what are primary colonizers
- streptococus spp
- actinomyces spp.
- capnocytophaga spp.
- eikenella corrodens
- veillonella parvula
what are types of streptococcus sp
s. sanguinis, s. mitis, s. oralis
what are types of actinmyces
a. israelii, a. naeuslundii, a. oris
what are types of capnocytophaga spp
c. gingivalis, c. ochracea
what are secondary colonizers
anaerobic, gram-negative flora
idk if need to know specifics but:
Campylobacter rectus
Eubacterium nodatum
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Fusobacterium vincentii
Parviomonas micra
Prevotella intermedia
Tannerella forsythia
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Treonema denticola
surface micro-roughness facilitates what? examples
facilitates bacterial adhesion
ex: overhangs and rough restorations
what is the nonspecific plaque hypothesis
Periodontal disease results from
- accumulation of biofilm over time
- eventual diminished host response
- increased susceptibility with age
Higher production of noxious products from large amount of biofilm overwhelms host defenses
what is the specific plaque hypothesis
Only certain plaque is pathogenic.
Pathogenicity from presence or increase in
specific microorganisms.
Key organisms produce toxic substances which mediate
host tissue destruction.
what is the ecological plaque hypothesis
Unifies existing theories
Both total amount of dental biofilm and specific
microbial composition are important in disease.
what is health-associated dental biofilm microbiota in steady-state
microbial homeostasis
in ecological plaque hypothesis, change in host response is elicited by what
Increased biofilm
Immune disorder
Hormones (pregnancy)
Smoking
Inflammation
Tissue degradation
GCF flow increase
ecological plaque hypothesis is affected by what
- microenvironmental changes
- beneficial species decerase
- pathogensis species results in increased perio disease results
microbial dysbiosis microbiota results in what
periodontitis
T/F: Microbial synergy among biofilm colonizers shapes a
disease-provoking microbial profile that disrupts the host
equilibrium, leading to disease.
true
___ drive a reduction in
microbial diversity (blooms of pathogens), resulting in
more severe disease phenotype.
Environmental perturbations
how to return to microbial homeostasis
eliminate etiologic stimulus (microbial, host, or environmental)
what is the community as a pathogen hypothesis
- Periodontal microbial community is a
metaorganism
United behavior of the community results in disease - Keystone pathogen concept
Not proven
what is a keystone pathogen
p.gingivalis
is p. gingivalis a potent stand-alone inducer of inflammation
NO
what is subversive species even in low abundance
keystone pathogen (e.g., p. gingivalis)
T/F: The ABSENCE of P. gingivalis in the micriobial
biofilm elevates the pathogenicity by disrupting
host-bacteria homeostasis.
FALSE. PRESENCE
what are microorganisms associated with periodontal disease - gingivitis
Parvimonas micra
Capnocytophaga sp.
Fusobacterium sp.
Campylobacter sp.
*Fewer numbers of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, Prevotella
intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans
what are microorganisms associated with perio disease - pregnanvy asociated gingivitis
p. intermedia
what are microorganisms associated w/ periodontitis
she said to know this and it’s really really long list :(
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Treponema denticola
Tannerella forsythia
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Filifacor alocis (newly identified)
Prevotella intermedia
Prevotella nigrescens
Campylobacter rectus
Eikenella corrodens
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Parvimonas micra
Eubacterium nodatum
Selenomonas sputigena
what microorganism is mostly attributed to molar/incisor pattern periodontitis (formerly localized aggressive perio)? others?
A.a. (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans)
others: P. gingivalis
E. corrodens
C. rectus
F. nucleatum
Capnocytophaga sp.
Spirochetes
what are microbiota of periodontal abscesses
P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
P. melaninogenica
F. nucleatum
T. forsythia
Treponema spp.
Campylobacter spp.
Capnocytophaga spp.
A. actinomycetemcomitans
from health to gingivits what is the proportional microbial shift of disease
it goes from small amount of - rods to mostly gram - rods in periodontitis
what is the etiology of perio disease
Susceptible host
Pathogenic species
Absence or small proportion of beneficial species
Altered local environment
what is inflammatory process around a dental implant resulting in loss of bone. this is simlar to peripathogens found in periodontitis
peri-implantitis
what are key periopathogens
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Tannerella forsythia
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Campylobacter rectus
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Parvimonas micra
Eubacterium nodatum
Spirochetes
Eikenella corrodens
is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans:
gram - or +
motile or non-motile
gram negative, non-motile
what are Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans virulence factors
LPS, leukotoxin, collagenase, protease
what is an endotoxin involved in bone resorption
LPS
what kills PMNs, monocytes, and lymphocytes
leukotoxin
what destroys CT
collagenase
what cleaves IgG
protease
is tannerella forsythia:
gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile
gram -, obligate anerobe, non-motile
virulence factors for tannerella forsythia
proteolytic enzymes and its inductino of apoptosis of PMNs and monocytes
what destroys immunoglobulin
proteolytic enzymes
is porphyromonas gingivalis:
gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile
gram -, obligate anaerobe, and non-motile
virulence factors for porphyromonas gingivalis
fimbrae, capsule, protease, hemolysin, collagenase
what virulence factor does adhesion
fimbrae
what defends against phagocytosis
capsule
prevotella intermedia
gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile
gram -, strict anaerobe, non-motile
what is less virulent than P. gingivalis and is a black pigmented conloney on blood agar
prevotella intermedia
campylobacter rectus
gram + or -
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non-motile
gram -
anerobe
motile (flagellum)
virulence factor of campylobacter rectus
LEUKOTOXIN
fusobacterium nucleatum
gram - or +
anaerobe and aerobe
virulence factor
gram -
anaerobe
virulence factors: INDUCES APOPTOSIS (of PMNs, monocytes)
parvimonas micra
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
gram + cocci, obligate anaerobe
eubacterium nodarum
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
gram + rod
obligate anaerobe
what bacteria in NG
spirochetes
spirochets
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
motile or non motile
gram negative helical rod
obligate anaerobe
motile
virulence factors of spirochetes
PENETRATE EPI AND CT
PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME
COLLAGENASE
eikenelle corrodens
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
resistant to what
Pleomorphic bacillus (Coccobacilliary)
Gram-negative
Facultative anaerobe
Resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and
metronidazole
what virus is found in periodontal pockets
herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, EBV
what may accelerate periodontitis thru synergistic modulation of local immune response within pocket
viruses
using what substrates selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit
prebiotics
use of prebiotics example
toothpaste supplemented with arginine increases pH and is a beneficial oral microbiota shift
arginine stimulates H2O2 production by S. gordonii which is harmful to perio pathogens
in addition to periodontal pathogens, a ___, ___, and ___ is necessary for disease to result
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST, ALTERED LOCAL ENVIRONMENT, DECREASED BENEFICIAL SPECIES
