Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

23 Periodontology > 3 - Gingival Diseases > Flashcards

3 - Gingival Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are the defense mechanisms of the gingiva

A
  1. JE
  2. GCF
  3. leukocytes
  4. saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a frontline barrier against microbial challenge

A

JE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how is JE a frontline barrier against microbial challenge

A
  1. cellular turnover (shedding)
  2. permeable
  3. cytokine production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what cytokines do JE produce

A

IL-1beta and IL-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is collected from sulcus in small amounts and analyzed

A

GCF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what may be used to help detect or diagnose active periodontal disease and may help predict patients at risk for perio disease

A

GCF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: a critical challenge for clinicians is not the detection of perio disease but the indentification of patients with elevated risk of experiencing active and progressing disease

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MMP-8 was found where?

A

GCF and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MMP-8 leads to what

A
  1. destruction of collagen in gingiva and alveolar bone
  2. associated with initiation and progression of periodontitis
  3. reflection of disease severity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is used to collect and analyze GCF

A

periotron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the components of GCF

A

MMP-8, cells, electrolytes, and organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what cells found in GCF

A

bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what electrolytes found in GCF

A

potassium, sodium, and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what organic compounds found in GCF

A

cytokines, prostaglandins E2, and immuniglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are drugs secreted in GCF

A
  1. tetracycline - anti-collagenase effect
  2. metronidazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the clinical implication of drugs secreted in GCF

A

adjunct to treat aggressive forms of periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what leukocytes are part of denfense mech of gingiva

A

PMN, B and T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a major protective mechanism against bacterial plaque

A

luekocytes in gingiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is saliva a defense mechanism of gingiva

A
  1. cleanses exposed oral surfaces
  2. buffering acids
  3. modulating bacterial activity with immune mediators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are antibacterial factors in saliva

A
  1. lysozyme
  2. lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate system
  3. lactoferrin
  4. myeloperoxidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what cleaves cell wall of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

A

lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is bactericidal to some Lactobacillus and
Streptococcus strains

A

lactoperoxidase-thiocynate system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is effective against actinobacillus species

A

lactoferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is released by leukocytes, bactericidal for actinobacillus

A

myeloperoxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are salivary antibodies? function

A

IgA (predominates), IgG, IgM
fn: impair bacterial attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what enzymes in saliva? function

A

parotid amylase and anti-proteases (cathepsins)

cathepsin fn: inhibit colagen degrading enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what provides maintenance of pH at mucosal epithelial cell surface and tooth surface thru bicarbonate-carbonic acid system

A

salivary buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what hasten coagulation, protect wounds from bacterial invasion

A

coagulation factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the coagulation factors

A

factors VII, IX, X, plasma thromboplastin antecedent, and hageman factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

decreased saliva is associated with what

A
  1. inflammatory gingival conditions
  2. dental caries
  3. rapid tooth destruction
  4. cervical, cemental caries
  5. delayed wound healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are signs of gingivitis?

A
  1. BOP
  2. INCREASED GCF FLOW
  3. erythema
  4. edema
  5. gingival enlargement
  6. recession
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is an early detection of gingivitis? what is another early sign?

A

BOP; increased GCF flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the effects of smoking on BOP

A

masks gingival inflammatory response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

smoking [increased; decrease] BOP

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

can smoking disguise BOP

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

warn patients who are quitting smoking that an [increase; decrease] in gingival bleeding may occur

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what are changes in gingival consistency

A
  1. fibrotic
  2. edematous
  3. chronic gingivitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what does it mean to be firm, relisient in health

A

fibrotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what does it mean to be soft, firable, shiny, bleeds easily, swelling, and loss of stippling

A

edematous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what does it mean for gingiva to become fibrotic again with an increased accumulation of collagen (fibrosis)

A

chronic gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is experimental gingivtis

A

non-specific accumulation of microbial plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

is experimental gingivitis reversible with removal of plaque

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

does experimental gingivitis always progress to perio

A

not always

44
Q

increased plaque retention is due to

A

Caries
latrogenic factors (overhangs)
Malpositioned teeth
Mouth breathing
Partial dentures
Orthodontic appliances, fixed retainers
Recession, lack of attached gingiva, frenum pull

45
Q

what are iatrogenic factors

A

oberhangs

46
Q

what are types of gingival enlargement

A
  1. inflammatory enlargement
  2. acute inflammatory enlargement
  3. drug influenced gingival enlargement
  4. other forms
47
Q

what are types of inflammatory enlargement

A
  1. chronic or acute inflammation
  2. plaque induced
48
Q

what are types of acute inflammatory enlargement

A

periodontal absecess

49
Q

what is:

Deep probing depth
Gingival margin is
coronal to CEJ
Not true attachment
loss

A

pseudopocket

50
Q

what is increased # of cells

A

hyperplasia

51
Q

what is increase in cell size

A

hypertrophy

52
Q

gingival enlargement is the [clinical or histological] term

A

CLINICAL

53
Q

gingival hyperplasia is the [clinical or histological term]

A

histological

54
Q

what is localized drug influenced gingival enlargement

A

single tooth or group of teeth

55
Q

what is generalized drug infuenced gingival enlargement

A

throughout mouth

56
Q

mild vs. moderate vs. severe gingival enlargement

A

Mild ->Papilla
Moderate ->Papilla + Marginal Gingiva
Severe -> Papilla + Marginal Gingiva + Attached Gingiva

57
Q

what are drugs associated with gingival enlargement

A

antiepilectic drugs, calcium channel-blocking drugs, and immunoregulating drugs

58
Q

drug influenced gingival enlargement is a result of what

A

combination of drug and plaque induced inflammation

59
Q

what are common characteristics of drug influenced gingival enlargement

A
  1. anterior gingiva affected most often
  2. first observed at papillae
  3. higher prevalence in younger age groups
  4. onset iwthin 1-3 months of druguse
60
Q

what are examples of antiepileptic drugs

A

phenytoin and sodium valproate

61
Q

what are examples of calcium channel blocking drugs

A

nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, verapamil, diltiazem

62
Q

what are examples of immunoregulating drugs

A

cyclosporine, tacrolimus

63
Q

how to tx drug influenced gingival enlargement

A
  1. physician consult
  2. plaque, calculus removal
  3. oral hygience instruction
  4. gingivectomy
64
Q

is drug influenced gingival recurrence rate high

A

yes

65
Q

gingival enlargements are associated with what SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS

A

puberty, pregnancy, leukemia, and plasma cell gingivitis

66
Q

describe plasma cell gingivitis. what is it due to

A

gingiva is red, friable
due to allergic reaction

67
Q

treatment of plasma cell gingivitis

A

cessation of exposure to allergen

68
Q

what is a reactive process causing gingival enlargement?

A

tissue response to local irritation or trauma

69
Q

gingival enlargement is due to what diseases

A
  1. epulis
  2. focal fibrous hyperplasia
  3. papilloma
  4. pyogenic granuloma
  5. peripheral giant cell granuloma
  6. peripheral ossifying fibroma
70
Q

what is a firm nodule made of collagen

A

focal fibrous hyperplasia (irritation fibroma)

71
Q

what is associated with HPV and wart like

A

papilloma

72
Q

what is Red or purple
Firm or friable
Granulation tissue
Chronic inflammation
15% Recurrence rate
after surgical removal

A

pyogenic granuloma

73
Q

what is the “pregnancy tumor” that can also occur on lips, buccal mucosa and tongue

A

pyogenic granuloma

74
Q

what is:

Pink, red, or purplish
blue
Labial gingiva most
commonly
Sessile or
pedunculated
Firm or spongy
Multinuclear giant
cells
Chronic inflammation

A

peripheral giant cell granuloma

75
Q

what is:

Similar to Peripheral
Giant Cell
Granuloma
Bone formation
within the lesion
Diagnose through
biopsy
Surgical excision
Curette base

A

peripheral ossifying fibroma

76
Q

what are the 3 P’s

A

Pyogenic Granuloma
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF)

77
Q

when removing gingival enlargements, what must you do?

A

curette base to bone

78
Q

what is the most common malignant tumor of igngiva

A

squamous cell carcinoma

79
Q

what is:

Exophytic, erosive, or verrucous
Erythematous and leukoplakic
Metastasis to other head/neck regions or lung,
liver, bone

A

squamous cell carcinoma

80
Q

is squamous cell carcinoma part of the 3P

A

no (duh)

81
Q

what is the second most commong oral malignangy

A

B and T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

82
Q

where does lymphoma occur

A

soft tissue or bone
(Palate, gingiva, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of
mouth, maxilla
Red, purplish boggy swellings- may mimic pyogenic
granuloma or PGCG)

83
Q

what are acute periodontal lesions

A

NG, NP, NS, perimary herpetic gingivostomatitis, and periocoronitis

84
Q

if ___ is untreated, may progress to NP or NS

A

necrotizing gingivitis

85
Q

what is

Punched-out craterlike papillae
Pain
Fetid odor
Gray pseudomembranous slough, linear erythema
Bleeding
Fever, lymphadenopathy

A

necrotizing gingivitis

86
Q

etiology of NG

A

Microbes: Spirochetes (Treponema sp.),
Fusobacterium sp., Selenomonas sp., Prevotella
intermedia
Stress
Smoking
Poor plaque control
Immunosuppression (HIV)
Poor nutrition
Inadequate rest

87
Q

treatment of NG

A
  • Gross supragingival debridement
  • Systemic antibiotics (Amoxicillin or Metronidazole) if fever, lymphadenopathy present
  • Antimicrobial rinses
    Chlorhexidine (Peridex)
  • Physician referral- if persistent or recurrent
    Evaluate for underlying systemic disease (HIV, lymphoproliferative disease)
88
Q

what is:

HSV-1
Most common in young children (≤6 yrs)
Primary infection is asymptomatic in most
Recurrent infection (Recurrent herpes)

A

perimary herpetic gingivostomatitis

89
Q

what has:

Multiple vesicles
Clusters
located on: Gingiva, Mucosa, Soft palate, Tongue

A

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

90
Q

what is:

Course 7-10 days
Generalized soreness
Interferes with eating and drinking
Fever 101-105 degrees
Cervical lymphadenitis
Malaise

A

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

91
Q

treatment of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Anti-viral if diagnosed within 3 days of onset
Acyclovir- reduces duration of symptoms, viral
shedding and new lesions

92
Q

palliative care for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

Fluids
Pain reliever
Topical anesthetic (Orabase)
NO steroids!

93
Q

what is:

Inflammation of
gingiva at crown of
incompletely erupted
tooth
Most commonly
mandibular 3rd molar

A

pericoronitis

94
Q

etiology of periocoronitis

A

trauma, occlusion, foreign body

95
Q

symptoms of periocoronitis

A

Pain, Swelling, Suppuration, Redness
Fever, lymphadenopathy possible

96
Q

complications of periocoronitis

A

May spread to oropharyngeal area
Difficulty swallowing
Cellulitis
Ludwig’s angina

97
Q

treatment of pericoronitis

A

Debridement, Antibiotics (if fever, cellulitis)
Extract 3rd molar

98
Q

what are systemic diseases affecting gingiva

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Crohn’s Disease
Leukemia

99
Q

what was granulomatosis with polyangiitis formerly called

A

Wegener granulomatosis

100
Q

what is:

Rare, immune-mediated systemic disease
Necrotizing vasculitis of upper and lower
respiratory tract, kidneys, arteries/veins
“Strawberry gingivitis”

A

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

101
Q

what is:

Part of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Oral lesions may accompany
asymptomatic intestinal involvement

A

chron’s disease

102
Q

what is:

“Epulis-fissuratum-like”
lesion in mucobuccal fold,
erythema, mucogingivitis,
tissue tags

A

crohn’s disease

103
Q

what is abnormal proliferation of leukocytes

A

leukemia

104
Q

what is:

90% present with oral manifestations
Petechiae, spontaneous bleeding, ulcers,
gingival enlargement, mucosal palor

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

105
Q

primary etiology of gingival enalrgement is what

A

bacterial plaque

106
Q

what are contributing etiologies to gingival enlargement

A

Medications
Pregnancy
Puberty
Systemic disease
Local irritant (restoration, cement, ortho wire)

23 Periodontology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions