7. Notes and revision Flashcards
Energy Security
Energy security refers to the sustainable supply of energy resources to meet the needs of a society
Energy choices depend on
availability of resources eg oil
medcs vs ledcs; tech devlt
EVS cultural attitudes eg ecocentric societies may not be keen on oil and gass energy due to the pollution
geographical location eg wind, solar, hydroelectricity
Threats to energy security
Climate change
water scarcity
Lack of technological devt.
political conflict eg Russia-Ukraine gas conflict
Energy sources
EXAMPLES
solar
wind
hydro
coal
oil
ADS/DIS of solar, wind and hydro electricity
Environmentally friendly less co2 emissions
sustainable
However
depends on weather
expensive installation costs
ADS/DIS of coal and oil
High energy density produced
established infrastructure for it
However;
CO2 pollution
Climate change
Weather
this is the atmospheric conditions of an area over a short period of time
climate
this is the average weather condition of an area over a long period of time
climate change
this is the long term alterations OF THE average weather conditions of an area over a long period of time
The greenhouse effect
this is when greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun warming the earths surface
Global warming potential
this is the relative measure of how much heat greenhouse gases trap over a number of years
Impacts/effects of climate change
sea levels rising due to ice caps melting
increased evapouration drying up water bodies
heatwaves killing people
habitat destruction for polars and aquatic life
water scarcity ie less rain and increased rate of evapouration
Feedback mechanisms and climate change
Global warming = albedo
defforestation = fires
permafrost melting = methane
- Global warming = increased global temperature = increased melting of ice caps = increased sea levels = decreased decreased albedo = increased absorption of heat = increased global temperatures
- defforestation = increased co2 = increased temperatures = increased forest fires = increased defforestation
- Permafrost melting = increased methane produced because it trapped in the permafrost = increased temperatures = increased permafrost melting
greenhouse gases
examples
CO2
methane
tropospheric ozone
cfcs in refridgerators
feedback
is when an output becomes an input of a system
negative feedback
this is when a system moves back to equilibrium
positive feedback
this is when a system moves away from equilibrium
mitigation
this is the reduction and removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere
Adaptation
this is the management of the effects of climate change.
Mitigation strategies for climate change
ghg
Methane; change cow diets to reduce methane
Tropospheric ozone; renewable energy alternatives thus reduced combustion of fossil fuels reducing pollution of nitrogen oxides that form tropospheric ozone
CO2; afforestation to promote photosynthesis as trees absorb carbon dioxide and let out oxygen
Education against cfcs
Legislation; carbon tax
Adaptation strategies
THINK HOW TO SOLEVE WATER SCARCITY
Increase water reservoirs
harvest rain water
GMO drought resistant crops
Legislation
education
international action on climate change
the kyoto protocol
160 countries negociate to commiting to reducing in greenhouse emissions
causes of climate change
Methane; cows
Tropospheric ozone; combustion of fossil fuels that let out nitogen oxides
CO2; defforestation
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is a process whereby the pH of the Earth’s oceans decreases over time, making them more acidic
Ocean acidification FORMATION
CO2 + Water = carbonic acid = acidic
due to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, which reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. The increased concentration of carbonic acid leads to a decrease in the pH of seawater, making it more acidic.
