7. Notes and revision

Question 1

Energy Security

Answer 1

Energy security refers to the sustainable supply of energy resources to meet the needs of a society

Question 2

Energy choices depend on

Answer 2

availability of resources eg oil
medcs vs ledcs; tech devlt
EVS cultural attitudes eg ecocentric societies may not be keen on oil and gass energy due to the pollution
geographical location eg wind, solar, hydroelectricity

Question 3

Threats to energy security

Answer 3

Climate change
water scarcity
Lack of technological devt.
political conflict eg Russia-Ukraine gas conflict

Question 4

Energy sources

EXAMPLES

Answer 4

solar
wind
hydro
coal
oil

Question 5

ADS/DIS of solar, wind and hydro electricity

Answer 5

Environmentally friendly less co2 emissions
sustainable

However
depends on weather
expensive installation costs

Question 6

ADS/DIS of coal and oil

Answer 6

High energy density produced
established infrastructure for it

However;
CO2 pollution
Climate change

Question 7

Weather

Answer 7

this is the atmospheric conditions of an area over a short period of time

Question 8

climate

Answer 8

this is the average weather condition of an area over a long period of time

Question 9

climate change

Answer 9

this is the long term alterations OF THE average weather conditions of an area over a long period of time

Question 10

The greenhouse effect

Answer 10

this is when greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun warming the earths surface

Question 11

Global warming potential

Answer 11

this is the relative measure of how much heat greenhouse gases trap over a number of years

Question 12

Impacts/effects of climate change

Answer 12

sea levels rising due to ice caps melting
increased evapouration drying up water bodies
heatwaves killing people
habitat destruction for polars and aquatic life
water scarcity ie less rain and increased rate of evapouration

Question 13

Feedback mechanisms and climate change

Answer 13

Global warming = albedo
defforestation = fires
permafrost melting = methane

1. Global warming = increased global temperature = increased melting of ice caps = increased sea levels = decreased decreased albedo = increased absorption of heat = increased global temperatures
2. defforestation = increased co2 = increased temperatures = increased forest fires = increased defforestation
3. Permafrost melting = increased methane produced because it trapped in the permafrost = increased temperatures = increased permafrost melting

Question 14

greenhouse gases

examples

Answer 14

CO2
methane
tropospheric ozone
cfcs in refridgerators

Question 15

feedback

Answer 15

is when an output becomes an input of a system

Question 16

negative feedback

Answer 16

this is when a system moves back to equilibrium

Question 17

positive feedback

Answer 17

this is when a system moves away from equilibrium

Question 18

mitigation

Answer 18

this is the reduction and removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere

Question 19

Adaptation

Answer 19

this is the management of the effects of climate change.

Question 20

Mitigation strategies for climate change
ghg

Answer 20

Methane; change cow diets to reduce methane

Tropospheric ozone; renewable energy alternatives thus reduced combustion of fossil fuels reducing pollution of nitrogen oxides that form tropospheric ozone

CO2; afforestation to promote photosynthesis as trees absorb carbon dioxide and let out oxygen

Education against cfcs
Legislation; carbon tax

Question 21

Adaptation strategies

Answer 21

THINK HOW TO SOLEVE WATER SCARCITY
Increase water reservoirs
harvest rain water
GMO drought resistant crops
Legislation
education

Question 22

international action on climate change

Answer 22

the kyoto protocol
160 countries negociate to commiting to reducing in greenhouse emissions

Question 23

causes of climate change

Answer 23

Methane; cows
Tropospheric ozone; combustion of fossil fuels that let out nitogen oxides
CO2; defforestation

Question 24

Ocean acidification

Answer 24

Ocean acidification is a process whereby the pH of the Earth’s oceans decreases over time, making them more acidic

Question 25

Ocean acidification FORMATION

Answer 25

CO2 + Water = carbonic acid = acidic

due to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, which reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. The increased concentration of carbonic acid leads to a decrease in the pH of seawater, making it more acidic.