7 – Health & Biosecurity Flashcards
1
Q
Canadian biosecurity standards
A
- Developed by Canadian Swine Health Board
- National standards: recognizes regional differences
- Awareness and interest at farm level varies (greatest at breeding stock herds, lowest for commercial herds)
- Opportunity for vets
2
Q
Biosecurity
A
- Procedures that are enforced for the purpose of preventing disease INTRODUCTION into farm (external biosecurity) or within rooms/areas within the farm (internal biosecurity)
3
Q
Biocontainment
A
- Procedures to limit risk of pathogens leaving farm/site
4
Q
Essential concepts of biosecurity (10)
A
- Locate unit in an isolated site
- Respect the protective zones
- Visitation and entry rules
- Isolate or quarantine replacement stock
- Slaughter load out procedures
- Feed ingredients and delivery
- Dead stock removal
- Effective vermin control
- Audit INTERNAL biosecurity procedures
- Develop a WRITTEN plan
5
Q
Locate unit in an isolated site
A
- Western Canada: target=3.2km
- Breeding stock: larger distances (8km)
- *air filtration on barns in hog dense regions
- More dense in Europe
6
Q
Respect the protective zones: RAZ and CAZ
A
- *restricted access zone (RAZ): production unit
- *controlled access zone (CAZ): perimeter zone
7
Q
Respect the protective zones
A
- Controlled entry, doors locked, deterrent signage
o Gates and fences to restrict access into CAZ
o Sign-in logs
o GPS tracking
o Purpose built driveways and parking lots
8
Q
Visitation and entry rules
A
- Pig freedom period (12-96hrs depending on farm)
- Personnel movement down pyramid from highest (nursery) to lower (finisher) health status
- Restricted visitation
9
Q
Rigid entry procedures
A
- Plastic boot covers
- Sign in book (visitation log)
- Shower or ‘Danish’ entry
- Provide in-barn clothing
- Disinfect all supplies and tools
10
Q
‘Danish’ entry
A
- Boot drop, coat rack and boat mat
- Bench! (SEPARATION!)
- Clean zone: socks only
- Change room/showers
11
Q
Isolate or quarantine replacement stock
A
- Quarantine barns strongly recommended
- Safe but practical distance from main unit (>100m)
- Quarantine period (30-60 days) allows time for development of clinical signs and detectable serologic response
12
Q
Daily management for quarantine replacement stock
A
- Designated staff
- End of day
- Shower in and out
- Separate feed and effluent
- Monitor clinical signs
13
Q
Slaughter load out procedures
A
- Truck sanitation: clean and decontaminate after each load
- Vehicle inspection by staff or 3rd party
- DRIVERS say OUTSIDE barn, wear clean boots and coveralls
- LOAD OUT ROOM DESIGN AND OPERATION one-way flow (clean + disinfect!)
14
Q
Feed ingredients and delivery
A
- Ingredient sourcing
- Feed/ingredient holding times
- Cross-contamination
- Delivery procedures
- Fumigation for bagged products
- *how PEDV (porcine epidemic diarrheic virus) came into Canada
15
Q
Feed holding time:
A
- 20 degree C for 20 days OR
- 10 degree C for 100 days
16
Q
Dead stock removal: rendering
A
- adequate truck sanitation
- safe pick up zone (outside CAZ)
- Transfer from RAZ
17
Q
Dead stock removal: composting
A
- Equipment
- Location
- Thoroughness of decomposition
- Wildlife access
- Aeration of compost
- organic matter
18
Q
Dead stock removal: incineration
A
- operational costs
- location
- transfer from RAZ
19
Q
Effective vermin control
A
- mice, rats, birds, water fowl, dogs, cats, flies, insects
- *BAITING WITHIN RAZ and CAZ
- Cleanliness: spilled feed, cut grass around facility
- Screen inlets to prevent entry of birds
- *needs to be properly MAINTAINED
20
Q
Examples of vermin-transmitted diseases
A
- swine dysentery: mice, rats
- PRRSV: flies, mosquitos
- Leptospirosis: skunks, raccoons
- Influenza: humans
21
Q
Audit INTERNAL biosecurity procedures
A
- Ensure timely treatment of sick animals
- Ensure timely euthanasia of ‘chronic’ animals
- Boot baths between rooms
- Personnel hygiene when handling sick pigs
- Adequate room sanitation
- Proper pig flow
22
Q
Develop a WRITTEN plan
A
- Comprehensive
- Accurate and detailed
- Dynamic: update as new situations arise
o Foreign temporary workers
o Strep. zooepidemicus - Contractual agreement between visitor and unit
23
Q
Vet’s role in swine industry: 4 areas
A
- Professional services
- Animal health industry
- Regulatory/government
- Research: industry, academia, farm
24
Q
Professional services of a vet in the swine industry
A
- Herd health, health assurance, diagnostics, training, disease control/prevention
- Non-traditional consultation: production, nutrition, repro
- Quality assurance and welfare audits
- Regulatory: export, AI certification
25
Animal health industry : vet in the swine industry
- Technical services
- Sales/marketing
- Management
26
How would you help a farm that has 1200 sow, 2-sites reduce post-wean mortality which averages >6% in the nursery?
- Disinfect
- Delay weaning: shift exposure window to be more self-protected
o Allow them to be heavier
- Shift the diet?
- *Maybe look at sows and litter size
- Temperature: sick in first week and then die in second week+
27
Why might you have light litters?
- Too many piglets per litter
- *balance
