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ANIMAL PRODUCTION - 2 > 4 – Intro to Goat Industry > Flashcards

4 – Intro to Goat Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Goats are a multi-purpose animal

A
  • More people eat goat than beef
  • More people drink goat milk than cow’s milk
  • Provide hides AND fiber
  • *like a sheep with a cow’s udder and a poor immune system
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2
Q

Goat behaviour

A
  • Very social animals with distinct hierarchy
  • Curious
  • Like affection
  • Easily accept humans
  • Escape/jump
  • Eat just about anything
  • Cannot be driven
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3
Q

Breeds

A
  • At least 70 breeds worldwide
  • Very few seen in Western Canada
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4
Q

Saanen

A
  • Prolific milker
  • ‘Holstein goat of the world’
  • Big and white
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5
Q

Alpine

A
  • Relatively good milker
  • ‘Ayrshire’ of goat world
  • White nose, with brown body
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6
Q

Nubian

A
  • General purpose breed
  • Good milker
    o Higher protein and fat
  • Roman nose with droopy ears
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7
Q

Toggenburg

A
  • Used for milk production
    o Especially cheese manufacture
    o *don’t drink it=tastes bad
  • Recognized by lines on side of face
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8
Q

La Mancha

A
  • Small Spanish, multi-purpose goat
    o Milk and meat
  • ‘brown swiss’
  • Has NO ears (hard to ID w/no ear tags)
  • (sub-group with short ears)
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9
Q

Golden guernsey

A
  • Rarer breed
  • High protein and fat milk
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10
Q

Boer

A
  • Typically white with brown markings
  • Standard MEAT-GOAT
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11
Q

Pygmy

A
  • Small and cute
  • Favourite of acreage owners
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12
Q

Cashmere

A
  • Used for FIBER production
    o Don’t shear, just BRUSH
  • Mainly in China and Turkey
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13
Q

Angora

A
  • High quality fiber production
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14
Q

Fainting goats

A
  • Breed for congenital myotonia
  • Collapse when frightened: ‘faint’
  • Specific competitions
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15
Q

Required facilities for goats

A
  • Shelter
  • Pen space
  • Goats do NOT sweat (require SHADE!)
  • Need shelter from the cold
  • Really dislike rain
  • Prone to predation
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16
Q

Goat meat

A
  • Production essentially the same as sheep
  • Final market is generally Mediterranean, Mid-easter and Asian
  • *producers have to develop their own markets and make arrangements for slaughter
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17
Q

Goat’s milk

A
  • Highly digestible
  • Non-allergenic: different casein proteins
  • AA profile similar to humans
  • Naturally homogenized
  • Low in folate, B12 and lactose
  • Accepted as being good for babies
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18
Q

Milk production

A
  • Essentially the same as cattle
  • Seasonal breeders
  • Use an adapted parlor
  • *last a long time: due to lower bacterial load
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19
Q

Blood in milk

A
  • Common
  • Caused by ruptured blood vessels in the udder
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20
Q

What might cause rupture of blood vessels in the udder?

A
  • Common post-partum
  • Kid trauma
  • Mastitis
21
Q

What is a problem in milk production?

A
  • TAINT
    o NOT a bacterial or hygiene issue
22
Q

What might taint be due to?

A
  • Buck
  • Certain feeds
  • Exposure to UV light
  • Breed: Toggenburg
  • Chemical odors
23
Q

How can you prevent taint?

A
  • Supplement vitamin E
    o Anti-oxidant
  • Pasteurization
  • Rapid cooling
24
Q

What are some abnormalities with milk production?

A
  • Witch’s milk
  • Maiden’s milk
  • Gynacomastia
  • Run through
  • Stimulation of milking
25
Q

Witch’s milk

A
  • Very young (neonatal) females
26
Q

Maiden’s milk

A
  • Females reaching puberty
27
Q

Gynacomastia

A
  • Lactation in the buck
  • May even get mastitis
  • *do NOT milk it
    o Leave it alone and it will sort itself out
  • Due to genetics for high milk production
28
Q

Run through

A
  • Continue to milk them and they will keep going
  • More so older ones
  • *a way to continue milk production in the ‘off season’
29
Q

Stimulation of milking

A
  • If put an ewe in a pen with hungry kids, she will start to produce milk
30
Q

General management

A
  • BCS id difficult
    o Much of fat is stored in abdomen
    o Goats always look skinny
    o Involves lumbar region and brisket
31
Q

What should the BCS be for a kid?

A
  • 3-3.5
32
Q

What should the BCS be mid-lactation?

A
  • 2
33
Q

What should the BCS be at dry off?

A
  • 2-3.5
34
Q

Milking: production period and size

A
  • 10 month production period
  • Average production
    o 10lb per day
    o 3000-3500lbs in a lactation
35
Q

What are 3 things you do to kids?

A
  • Castration
  • Disbudding
  • De-scenting
36
Q

Castration

A
  • At 24 hrs
  • Slightly more difficult: scrotum is shorter
37
Q

disbudding

A
  • Usually do in first 5 days of life (grow fast)
  • difficult
    o 2 nerves=2 nerve blocks (cornual branch of infra-trochlear and lacrimal)
    o Skull is very thin: can get trauma to cerebral hemispheres (‘cook the brain’)
    o *sensitive to lidocaine toxicity (max 2ml dose)
38
Q

De-scenting

A
  • At same time as de-horning
  • *good for bucks
    o Still have other scent glands
    o Will piss on their own head
39
Q

Reproduction

A
  • Essentially same as sheep
  • Puberty 5 months: don’t breed until 8 months
  • Seasonal breeders: influences milk supply
  • Estrus: 21day cycle, 36hr estrus
40
Q

Estrus

A
  • 21 day cycle, 36hr estrus
  • Signs of estrus and it’s length dependant on buck exposure
  • Billy rags: odor of a buck and wave it under their nose: if stops and waves tail=in estrus
41
Q

Pregnancy

A
  • 150 days
  • Abortion: similar to ewes (EAE can cause continual abortion in Doe)
  • Twins common
  • Ultrasound after 50 days
42
Q

What are some common disease of goats?

A
  • Caseous lymphadenitis
  • Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis (CAE)
  • Johne’s
  • Parasites
  • Clostridial
  • Mastitis
  • Abortion
  • *not really any licensed products for goats (extra-label use)
43
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis

A
  • Like sheep, but lesions occur around the HEAD
    o *spread by rubbing on sharp objects
44
Q

Caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) (like Maedi-Visna in sheep)

A
  • Retrovirus infection spread in milk
  • In young, you get arthritis
  • Older sheep: encephalitis and mastitis
45
Q

Parasites

A
  • Roundworms
    o Typically infections are more severe
    o Never mix with sheep
  • Coccidiosis
  • *like sheep but MORE
46
Q

Clostridial

A
  • As sheep
  • Vaccine is typically less effective
    o May need to be repeated every 6 months
47
Q

Mastitis

A
  • Essentially same a sheep
  • CAE: lymphocytic infiltrate=’hard bag’
  • CMT will not work
  • Staph common
  • Streps and Pasturella
48
Q

*treatments

A
  • almost no licensed drugs for goats in Canada
    -everything you use will be off label (need to give a lot of thought about withdrawal periods)

ANIMAL PRODUCTION - 2 (17 decks)

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