7.-Enzymes-in-Action Flashcards
What is the structure of enzymes?
Enzymes are composed of amino acids with specific arrangements that form the active site and overall shape.
What are biological catalysts?
Substances that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed.
What is an active site?
The region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
What is denaturation?
The process by which an enzyme loses its natural structure and function due to external stress.
What is collision theory?
A theory that states chemical reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.
What are peptide links?
Bonds formed between amino acids in proteins through condensation reactions.
What are the classifications of amino acids?
Polar, Non-Polar, Aromatic, Acidic (Negatively charged), Basic (Positively charged).
What are the secondary structures of proteins?
α-helix and β-pleated sheet.
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature and pH levels significantly affect enzyme activity.
What is the optimal temperature for human enzymes?
Approximately 40°C.
What happens to enzyme activity at extreme pH levels?
Extreme pH can lead to denaturation.
What is the lock and key mechanism?
A model describing the specific fit between an enzyme and its substrate.
What is the induced fit model?
A model where the enzyme changes shape to accommodate the substrate.
What is the process of forming an enzyme-substrate complex?
Substrate binds to the active site, forming a transition state, and products are released while the enzyme remains unchanged.
What are the steps in practical planning for an enzyme experiment?
- Understand the reaction. 2. Identify variables. 3. List equipment. 4. Determine solutions. 5. Set up procedure. 6. Write method. 7. Decide on result presentation.
