7: Enculturation and Socialization Flashcards
Refers to the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
Socialization
Process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture
Enculturation
Biological inheritance
Nature
Cultural inheritance
Nurture
The product of social processes
Self
A lifetime, womb-to-tomb process of adaptivity and interactions.
Socialization
It is the process of being taught through interactions
Socialization
The process of gradual acquisition of values and behavior appropriate in a culture
Enculturation
Difference of Socialization and Enculturation
Socialization refers more about the general aspect of learning through social interactions.
Enculturation focuses more about the acquisition of specific parts of a culture.
3 GOALS OF SOCIALIZATION:
- help develop conscience
- help in preparation and performing certain social roles
- cultivates shared sources of meaning and values
A sociological concept
Self
One of the founders of social psychology ang the Chicago sociological tradition
George Herbert Mead
Young individual who usually grew up unexposed to humans, but instead around animals thus adapting animalistic behavior and ways of interaction.
Feral Child
Theory characterizing the relationship of the mind and the social self.
Mead I and Me Theory
The social self
“me”
Response to the social self
“I”
The response of an individual, expressions based on the social self.
“I”
An organized set of attributes standing as the basis as to how one should react in certain situations
“me”
Attributes “me” reaction is according to:
age
place
who you are with
4 FOUR STAGE PROCESS OF SELF DEVELOPMENT
- Imitation
- Play
- Game
- “The Generalized Other”
Also known as the “remaking behavior” usually embodied by humans around 1-2 years old.
Imitation
Not totally considered as part of the process of self development as it essentially only copies
Imitation
When the child takes different roles one observes in the “adult” society, playing them out to gain understanding of the various social roles
Play
When the child must take the role of everyone else involved in the game
Game
When organizations begin and definite personalities start to emerge
Game
When the individual finally understands what kind of behavior is expected or appropriate in different social settings
The Generalized Other
It is the evaluation process of the 3 other stages in self development
The Generalized Other
The original 3 stages by Mead
Imitation
Play
Game
It is the development of an individual’s distinct personality, which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life
Identity Formation
The sum of one’s knowledge and understanding of oneself.
Self Concept
Components of Self Concept
Physical
Psychological
Social Attributes
The feeling of identity or affiliation with a group or culture
Cultural Identity
The identification with a certain ethnicity, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry
Ethnic Identity
An ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans divided into groups are called a nation
National Identity
The set of beliefs and practices generally held by and individual involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals.
Religious Identity
4 IDENTITIES UNDER IDENTITY FORMATION
Cultural
Ethnic
National
Religious
The rule that guides the behavior of members of a society or group.
Norms
Things existing in the society that shape our thoughts and behavior
Norms
He claimed that Norm are one of the social facts.
Emile Durkheim
Ones who conform and obeys the norms
Normal
What we perceive as normal or what we think should be normal regardless of whether it actually is and are beliefs that are expressed as directives or value of judgement
Normative
Consequences of breaking the norms
Social Sanction
What we should NOT do
Proscriptive
What we should do.
Prescriptive
Norms for routines and casual interactions
Folkways
Norms that are widely observed and have greater significance
Mores
Proposed the folkways and mores
William Graham Sumner
Are culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful; serves as broad guidelines for social living
Values
3 ASPECTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF VALUE
- has different levels of generality and abstraction
- hierarchically arranged
- explicit and implicit
- often in conflict with others
3 most basic Filipino Values
- Emotional closeness and security with the family.
- Seeking of approval from authority and society
- Patience and endurance in suffering
These are important concepts of socialization because the behavior of the young members of society are controlled by assigning them certain status to enact
Status and Roles
He defined the difference between Status and Roles
George Simmel
It is one’s position in a social system
Status
2 types of Status
Ascribed
Achieved
Social position received at birth or is taken involuntarily later in life
Ascribed Status
Social position a person voluntarily takes that reflects personal identity and effort
Achieved Status
The behavior expected of someone holding a status
Role
Conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses
Role Strain
Happens as a result from the competing demands of two or more roles vying for time and energy
Role Strain
He first articulated the idea of impression management wherein individuals improvise in the performance of their role to appear presentable
Erving Goffman
Has bearing on the formation of a person’s self-identity through impression management
Role Manipulationn
It has the power and influence to create a favorable public opinion of a particular person and can break or repair a damaged persona
Impression management
5 TACTICS OF IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
Behavioral Matching Self-Promotion Conforming to Situational Norms Appreciating of Flattering Others Being Consistent
When the target of perception matches his/her behavior to the perceiver; essentially copying the behavior of idolized personalities
Behavioral Matchinng
When the target tries to present oneself in as positive a light as possible
Self-Promotion
When the target follows agreed-upon rules for behavior within an organization
Conforming to Situational Norms
When the target compliments the perceiver
Appreciating or Flattering Others
When the target’s beliefs and behaviors are consistent, showing an agreement between one’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors
Being Consistent
