5: Biological and Cultural Revolution (From Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens)

Question 1

gradual development of something, specially from a simple to a more complex form

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

changes, modifications and variations in the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations from one generation to another

Answer 2

Biological Evolution

Question 3

changes or development in cultures from a simple form to a more complex form of human culture

Answer 3

Cultural Evolution

Question 4

Physical or anatomical evolution

Answer 4

Biological Evolution

Question 5

Evolution involving lifestyle, behavior, etc.

Answer 5

Cultural Evolution

Question 6

English naturalist and geologist who was famed for claiming the idea of natural selection being the reason of evolution

Answer 6

Charles Darwin

Question 7

This theoretical idea states that the environment favors certain organisms ang those organisms that survive can pass on their traits

Answer 7

Natural Selection

Question 8

3 Principles of Natural Selection

Answer 8

• Variations
• Heritability
• Differential reproductive success

Question 9

All species are made up of individuals possessing various traits and characteristics, in which case some are better adapted to the environment than others

Answer 9

Variations

Question 10

Organisms produce progeny with different sets of traits that can be inherited

Answer 10

Heritability

Question 11

Organisms that have traits that are most suitable to their environment will survive and transfer said traits to the next generations

Answer 11

Differential reproductive success

Question 12

Refers to preserved human, plant and animal remains

Answer 12

Fossils

Question 13

Refers to objects that were made and used by humans

Answer 13

Artifacts

Question 14

Study the ancient and recent past of humans conduct excavations to search for fossils and artifacts that can provide information about the origin of humans

Answer 14

Archaeologist

Question 15

This is the general term used to identify early humans and other humanlike creatures that can walk erect during the prehistoric period

Answer 15

Hominids

Question 16

4 Main Categories of Hominids

Answer 16

Sahelanthropus
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Homo

Question 17

• apelike and humanlike characteristics
• skull similar to Australopithecus and modern humans
• height similar to chimpanzees
• brain size: 320-380cc
• small teeth and ability to walk upright

Answer 17

Sahelanthropus Tchadensis

6-7 million years ago

Question 18

described as the “ape of the ground”

Answer 18

Ardipithecus

Question 19

• about 4 feet, 120 pounds
• skull size similar to apes
• small brain
• bipeds
• lived in jungles and forests like chimpanzees

Answer 19

Ardipithecus

Question 20

2 subtypes of Ardipithecus

Answer 20

Ardipithecus Kadabba

Ardipithecus Ramidus

Question 21

“The Southern Ape”

Answer 21

Australopithecus

Question 22

• brain size: est. 500cc or about 1/3 of the modern human brain

Answer 22

Australopithecus

Question 23

Tool users and not tool makers. They used sticks and stones for digging

Answer 23

Australopithecus

Question 24

Food scavengers who lived in small groups

Answer 24

Australopithecus

Question 25

2 categories of Australopithecus

Answer 25

Gracile

Robust

Question 26

Most famous hominid fossil

Answer 26

Lucy

Gracile Australopithecus Afarensis

Question 27

Were classified as humans and not humanlike due to their bigger brains and bipedalism

Answer 27

Homo

Question 28

3 subcategories of Homo

Answer 28

Habilis
Erectus
Sapiens

Question 29

“handyman”

Answer 29

Homo Habilis

Question 30

They used tools for hunting and food gathering. Made tools called Oldowan

Answer 30

Homo Habilis

Question 31

Upright man

Answer 31

Homo Erectus

Question 32

first homo species to use fire and live in caves

Answer 32

Homo Erectus

Question 33

Walks upright and are skillful hunters

Answer 33

Homo Erectus

Question 34

“thinking man”

Answer 34

Homo Sapiens

Question 35

They lived in shelters, crafted materials, known food gatherers, animal hunters, and used fire.

Answer 35

Homo Sapiens

Question 36

First group of fossil examples found for the Homo Sapiens sapiens species

Answer 36

Cro Magnon

Question 37

Where was the name Cro Magnon taken from?

Answer 37

A rock shelter in France

Question 38

oldest population of Homo sapiens in Europe. They were first found in Europe, but believed to first appear in North Africa

Answer 38

Cro Magnon

Question 39

institutions that are primarily tasked to conserve, communicate and exhibit all material and non material heritages of human society

Answer 39

Museums