6: Sociocultural and Political Evolution Flashcards
It is the development of societies from hunting and gathering, to agricultural, industrial, then post-industrial stages
Sociocultural and Political Evolution
It happens when societies develop new forms of economic subsistence, acquired knowledge and apply new technology
Sociocultural Evolution
He is an American Sociologist who argued that human society undergoes transformation and evolution, and in the process develops technological advancements
Gerhard Lenski
Who quoted :”The more technology a society has, the faster it changes.”
Gerhard Lenski
It is described as the evolution involving acquired knowledge, customs, and traditions through time.
Sociocultural Evolution
The oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence
Hunting and Gathering Societies
The oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence
Hunting and Gathering Societies
They started the creation and use of tools for hunting, gathering, foraging, protection, etc.
Hunting and Gathering Societies
They came close to absolute social equality (equal tasks for men and women)
Hunting and Gathering Societies
They lived in 20-30 member that turned into 40-50 families due to the abundance of resources
Hunting and Gathering Societies
Basic unit of hunting and gathering
Family
They depended of family to do many things
Hunting and Gathering Societies
They had large scale cultivation of plants using plows harnessed to animals
Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
They used money as a common standard of exchange and had abandoned the old barter system
Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
Lived a semi-sedentary lifestyle as they tend to become less nomadic and settle more frequently due to plant cultivation
Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
They exhibited extreme social inequalities wherein agriculture raised men to social dominance whose powers were reinforced by religion
Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
They developed in dry regions of the world where planting is more difficult so they had to rely on animals as primary sources
Horticultural and Pastoral Societies
The beginning of farming and animal domestication
Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution
They were able to produce cultivation tools and hone farming skills to sustain towns of less than 1000 people
Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution
It is important to the Neolithic people as a form of subsistence
Animal Domestication
Period of permanent settlement where people developed the ability to be self-sustaining
Neolithic Revolution
They produced goods using advanced sourced of energy such as water power and steam boilers to drive large machineries and operate mills and factories
Industrial Societies
Its birth is due to the rapid change of industrial societies
Sociology
Weakening of close relationships, familial bonds, and abandonment of traditional values, beliefs, and customs
Industrial Societies
Formal education was introduced as people left their farmlands to work in the cities
Industrial Societies
Time of economic interdependence and social classes
Industrial Societies
The production of information is centered on the use of computer technology
Post-Industrial Societies
The heart of globalization
Post-Industrial Societies
Basis of social mobility in Post-Industrial Societies
Education
Source of invention and innovation
Knowledge
Increase in number of professional and technical employment and a decline in the number of skilled/semiskilled workers
Post-Industrial Societies
Evolution of human societies to become more centralized with the existence of political leaders
Political Evolution
4 Major Civilizations
Sumerian
Indus Valley
Shang
Egyptian
They were able to develop highly advanced cities with complex and systematic institutions.
Political Evolution
Systems of writing and recording was introduced
Political Evolution
Civilization that developed along West Asia in Tigris; Mesopotamia
Sumerian
Civilization sprouted from India
Indus Valley
Where did the Shang Civilization started?
(Huang He) Yellow River, China
Where did the Egyptian Civilization started?
Nile River
the funds of the city that were also the roots of corruption
Taxes
Highest leader of the Sumerian Civilization
Sumerian Priest
Highest leader of the Egyptian Civilization
Pharaoh
Highest leader of the Indus Valley Civilization
Brahmin
Highest leader of the Shang Civilization
King Priest
