7. Constraints on Managers

Question 1

Omnipotent (có quyền tuyệt đối) view

Answer 1

managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure

Question 2

Symbolic view

Answer 2

much of an organization’s success or failure is due to external forces outside managers’ control

Question 3

In reality, managers are neither all-powerful nor helpless. But their decisions and actions are constrained (ép buộc).

Answer 3

T

Question 4

1. External constraints (sự ép buộc) come from the organization’s …
2. internal constraints come from the organization’s …

Answer 4

1. environment

2. culture

Question 5

Environmental uncertainty: the degree of change and complexity in an organization’s environment

Answer 5

• Change: stable to dynamic

- Complexity: simple to complex

Question 6

Benefits of Good Stakeholder Relationships

Answer 6

1. Improved predictability of environmental changes
2. Increased successful innovations
3. Increased trust among stakeholders
4. Greater organizational flexibility to reduce the impact of change

Question 7

Organizational culture

Answer 7

the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act and that distinguish the organization from other organizations

Question 8

Strong cultures

Answer 8

organizational cultures in which the key values are intensely held and widely shared

Question 9

Where Culture Comes From and How it Continues

Answer 9

1. The original source of the culture usually reflects the vision of the founders.
2. Once the culture is in place, certain organizational practices help maintain it.
3. The actions of top managers also have a major impact on the organization’s culture.

Question 10

How Employees Learn Culture

Answer 10

1. Stories
2. Rituals
3. Material Artifacts and
4. Symbols
5. Language

Question 11

How Culture Affects Managers

Answer 11

Because an organization’s culture constrains what they can and cannot do and how they manage, it’s particularly relevant to managers.

Question 12

Creating an Innovative Culture

Answer 12

Challenge and involvement
Freedom
Trust and openness
Idea time
Playfulness/humor
Conflict resolution
Debates
Risk taking

Question 13

The seven dimensions of culture

Answer 13

attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, stability, innovation, and risk taking.