7. Congestive heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
How common is it?
A
Increasing prevalence
2
Q
Who does it affect?
A
> 65s
3
Q
What causes it?
A
Coronary artery disease HTN Cardiomyopathies Arrhythmias Heart valve pathology Congenital heart disease
4
Q
What risk factors are there?
A
Diabetes
MI
Old age
Dyslipidaemia
5
Q
How would you investigate?
A
Measure NT-proBNP
ECG
Echo
Urinalysis
6
Q
What signs may the patient have on examination?
A
Tachycardia Raised JVP / HJR Cardiomegaly Hepatomegaly Ankle oedema
7
Q
What other conditions might present similarly?
A
MI AKI Pneumonia Cirrhosis PE Respiratory failure
8
Q
How would you investigate?
A
Measure NT-proBNP Transthoracic echocardiogram ECG Doppler flow Blood tests
9
Q
What treatments are there?
A
ACEis
Lifestyle changes
(+/- beta-blockers, diuretics etc)
