7. Cardiovascular system and blood Flashcards
what are the four components of blood
erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma
define blood plasma
soluble fraction that contains clotting factors
define blood serum
soluble fraction that has clotting factors missing
who discovered blood antigens
Karl Landsteiner
how many antigens and antibodies are responsible for the blood types
2
what antigens and antibodies do a type A patient have
Antigen A
Anti-B antibody
what antigens and antibodies do a type B patient have
Antigen B
Anti-A antibody
what antigens and antibodies do a type O patient have
no antigens
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
what antigens and antibodies do a type AB patient have
Antigen A and B
no antibodies
if blood is agglutinated by anti-A antibodies, what does this mean
anti-B antibodies are no agglutinating anything
so Antigen A must be present
= type A
what are the alleles for human blood type
I^A I^B I
what is the phenotype of an AO genotype
type A phenotype
what is the phenotype of an AB genotype
- why
AB phenotype
- A and B alleles are codominant
what happens if a type A patent receives a type B blood transfusion
anti-B antibodies recognise antigen B on type B RBCs
- they agglutinate -> can be fatal
what is the:
universal donor
why?
what type can they receive?
type O
- no antigens on RBCs, cannot be rejected by antibodies
- can only receive type O blood back
what is the : universal receiver why? what type can they receive? who can they donate to?
type AB
- do not make any antibodies
- can accept any blood type
- can only donate to type Ab recipients
what is the cause of babies born anaemic and jaundice
mother and babies have incompatible blood types, mothers antibodies linger after birth and destroy babies RBCs
what causes the yellow pigmentation in jaundice and anaemic babies
increase in bilirubin pigment- yellow neurotoxic waste product from RBC catalysis
what is the path of blood flow for deoxygenated blood
- enters right atrium from the body from vena cava
- blood into right ventricle
- pumped into pulmonary circuit via pulmonary artery
what is the path of blood flow for oxygenated blood
- oxygenation of blood in the lungs
- blood enters pulmonary veins into the left atrium
- oxygenated blood pumped from left ventricle to aorta
describe structure of arteries
have thick elastic walls with a large diameter to withstand high pressure
describe structure of veins
thinner walls with larger diameter, contain one-way valves
where is the heart positioned in the body, what is the consequence
slightly to the left of the body,
results in a smaller left lung compared to right lung
sits above the diaphragm
what is the auricles
the outer expandable part of the atrium
