6. Digestion II Flashcards
is the pancreas endocrine or exocrine
has both endocrine and exocrine functions
what is the function of acinar cells
synthesizes, stores, and secretes pancreatic digestive enzymes
what is the function of duct cells
produce bicarbonate-rich fluid which serves to neutralise the acidic chyme
what is the pancreas’ endocrine role
pancreas secretes insulin from beta islet cells
what is the function of: __ pancreas cells:
- alpha islet cells
- beta islet cells
- delta islet cells
alpha= make glucagon beta= makes insulin delta= makes somatostatin
describe type 1 diabetes
early onset, autoimmune disease caused by loss of insulin secretion from islets of langerhans
describe type 2 diabetes
late onset, non-insulin dependent, associated with obesity, loss of responsiveness to insulin
at what stage can type 2 diabetes be avoided
pre-diabetes
where is the main site of absorption
the small intestine
how are lipids broken down
emulsified by bile salts - makes them smaller so can be hydrolysed by digestive pancreatic lipase
what happens to remaining long chains of fatty acids
converted into chylomicrons which enter the lymphatic system
define microflora
ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms
where is most microflora found
the colon
up to how many different species of microflora live in the colon
up to 1000
what factor do microbiota regulate, what is this role
fasting induced adipocyte factor - role in obesity and metabolic syndrome development
where does the lymphatic system drain
the thoracic duct drains into the left subclavian vein
what is carried through the lymph system
water solutes
chylomicrons
surplus plasma
what vessels transport molecules absorbed from the small intestine
mesenteric veins
hepatic portal vein
at what point do molecules absorbed from the small intestine enter general circulation
the hepatic vein
