7. Biological Therapies For Schizophrenia: Drug Therapy AO1 Flashcards

1
Q

How long have typical antipsychotic drugs been around

A

Since 1950’s

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2
Q

Give an example of a typical antipsychotic drug

A

Chlorpromazine

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3
Q

How do typical antipsychotic drugs work

A

By acting as antagonists in the dopamine system and aim to reduce the action of dopamine - they are strongly associated with the dopamine hypothesis

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4
Q

How do dopamine antagonists work

A

By blocking dopamine receptors in the synapses in the brain, reducing the action of dopamine

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5
Q

What initially happens after taking chlorpromazine

A

Initially dopamine levels build up but then production is reduced

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6
Q

What does chlorpromazine do

A

This normalises neurotransmission in key areas of the brain which in turn reduces symptoms like hallucinations

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7
Q

What else does chlorpromazine do

A

Has an effect on histamine receptors which appears to have a sedation effect

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8
Q

Who else can chlorpromazine be used to help

A

It can also be used to, anxious patients when they are first admitted into hospital

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9
Q

How long have atypical antipsychotic drugs been around

A

Since the 1970’s

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10
Q

Give an example of an atypical antipsychotic drug

A

Clozapine

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11
Q

How to atypical antipsychotic drugs work

A

The aim of these drugs is to improve effectiveness of drugs and suppressing psychoses such as schizophrenia and also minimise the side-effects

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12
Q

What to atypical antipsychotics target

A

A range of neurotransmitters including dopamine and serotonin

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13
Q

How does clozapine work

A

It binds to dopamine receptors as chlorpromazine does but also acts on serotonin and glutamate receptors

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14
Q

Which drug was more effective

A

Atypical

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15
Q

What does clozapine reduce

A

Depression and anxiety and patience as well as improving cognitive functioning - it also improves mood, which is important as up to 50% of people suffering from schizophrenia attempted suicide

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16
Q

What is risperidone

A

This was developed because clozapine was involved in the depths of some patience from a blood condition called agranulocytosis

17
Q

How does risperidone work

A

Like clozapine it binds to dopamine and serotonin receptors

18
Q

What is the difference between clozapine and risperidone

A

Risperidone binds more strongly to dopamine receptors - more efficient in smaller doses than most antipsychotics - has fewer side-effects