3. Biological Explanation For Schizophrenia AO1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are there strong relationships between

A

Genetic similarity of family members and the likelihood of developing schizophrenia

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2
Q

What did Gottesmanโ€™s study find

A

His family study found:

  • MZ twins have a 48% shared risk of schizophrenia
  • DZ twins have a 17% shared risk
  • Siblings had about 9% shared risk
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3
Q

What is schizophrenia classed as being

A

Polygenic and aetiologically heterogeneous

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4
Q

What does the existence of candidate genes indicate

A
  • each individual gene confers a small increased risk of schizophrenia (it is polygenetic)
  • different combinations can lead to schizophrenia (it is aetiologically heterogeneous)
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5
Q

What is the role of dopamine

A

Dopamine is widely believed to be involved in schizophrenia because it is featured in the functioning of brain systems related to the symptoms of schizophrenia

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6
Q

What is high dopamine activity in the subcortex related to

A

Associated with hallucinations and poverty of speech

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7
Q

What have more recent versions of the hypothesis focused on

A

Low levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex

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8
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for

A

Decision-making

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9
Q

What are neural correlates

A

Measurements of the structure or function or the brain that correlate with the positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia

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10
Q

What is the ventral striatum involved in

A

The anticipation of reward (motivation)

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11
Q

What might loss of motivation in schizophrenia be related to

A

Low activity levels in central striatum

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12
Q

How many variations of Sz have been found

A

Researcher found over 108

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13
Q

What can lead to auditory hallucinations

A

Low activation levels in superior temporal gyrus

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