7 Anaemia, B12, Folate Metabolism, Megaloblastic Anaemia Flashcards
1
Q
Define Anaemia
A
Haemoglobin below reference range for normal population
2
Q
What are some symtoms of anaemia?
A
- Shortness of breath
- Tiredness
- Cardiac failure
- Palpitations
- Headache
3
Q
Give some signs of anaemia:
A
- Pallor
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnoea
- Hypotension
4
Q
Which type of anaemias is abnormal facial bone development associated with?
A
Thalassaemia
5
Q
Outline the sequence of events that occurs to stimulate erythropoiesis if someone is hypoxic.
A
- (Decreased RBCs)
- Kidney (and Liver) release EPO (erythropoietin)
- EPO (erythropoietin) stimulates red bone marrow–> enhances erythropoiesis
6
Q
What 3 factors may cause reduced erythropoiesis?
A
- Haemostatic loop malfunction (lack of response)
- Eg Chronic Kidney disease- stops making EPO
- Empty bone marrow
- Chemo/toxic insult (parvovirus infection)
- Marrow infiltrated
- Cancer cells/fibrous tissue
7
Q
What may cause dyserythropoiesis? (2)
A
- Anaemia of Inflammation/Chronic Disease
- Iron not released for use, reduced RBC lifespan
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Production of abnormal clones of marrow stem cells
- (Cell can’t get out of bone marrow)
- Production of abnormal clones of marrow stem cells
8
Q
What test results may be seen for a patient with anaemia of chronic disease or inflammation have in terms of:
- CRP?
- Ferritin?
A
- CRP: Raised
- Ferritin: Raised
9
Q
What are the 2 general causes for defects in haemoglobin synthesis?
A
- Essential nutrient deficiencies
- Mutations in proteins encoding globin chains
10
Q
What are the 2 essential nutrients required for haemoglobin synthesis?
A
- Iron
- B12/Folate
- -required for DNA synthesis
- Megaloblastic anaemia
11
Q
Name 2 disease which are caused by mutations in proteins encoding globin chains.
A
- Thalassaemia
- Sickle cell anaemia
