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2 MEH > 6 Blood Counts and Films > Flashcards

6 Blood Counts and Films Flashcards

1
Q

What are some factors which would cause errors in pathology results?

A
  1. Specimen collection mix up
  2. Specimen delivery delayed/not delivered
  3. Specimen analysis- technical error
  4. Responsive action- results not reviewed
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2
Q

What should you do if you get an abnormal/unexpected result?

A

REPEAT

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3
Q

What ‘turn around times’ for FBCs should be expected?

A

Urgent A&E= 1hr

Non-urgent (ward)= 4hrs

GP= 24hrs

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4
Q

What parameters can a Full Blood Count look at?

A
  • Red cells
    • Indices (size and haemoglobin content)
    • Count
    • Haemoglobin
  • Platelets
    • Count
    • Size
  • White cells
    • Count
    • Full
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5
Q

How is spectrophotometry used to measure haemoglobin content in RBCs?

A

Measures amount of light absorbed by sample=proportional to amount of compound in it

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6
Q

What is Flow cytometry and how does it work?

A
  1. Hydrodynamic focussing- single file line of cells
  2. –> passes through light beam
  3. Impedance counting
  4. More scatter=bigger cell
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7
Q

What is Packed cell volume?

A

Proportion of blood made up of RBCs

(Centrifuged to allow visualisation)

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8
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Haematocrit (Volume % of RBCs) is elevated

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9
Q

What could occur to cause an incorrect measurement of haemoglobin levels? (2)

A
  1. Turbidity of plasma
  2. Invitro haemolysis/clotted sample (reduce Hb)
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10
Q

What are the normal haemoglobin levels?

A
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11
Q

What are the units for Red Cell Count?

A

x 1012/L

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12
Q

If the RCC is reduced, what could this be an indicator for?

A

Microcytic anaemia due to iron deficiency

(MCV also likely to be reduced)

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13
Q

What may cause an elevated RCC?

A

Microcytic anaemia- thalassemia trait

(MCV also likely to be reduced)

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14
Q

If a patient has a high mean cell volume, this may indicate anaemia.

What may have caused this anaemia?

A
  • B12/Folate deficiency (Megaloblastic anaemia)
  • Liver disease
  • Alcohol, smoking
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Drugs
  • Myeloma
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15
Q

If a patient has a low mean cell volume, this may indicate anaemia.

What may have caused this anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

Thalassaemia

Anaemia of chronic disease

Lead poisoning

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16
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Patients RBCs= of unequal size

(Increased Red Cell Distribution Width)

17
Q

What may cause anisocytosis?

A
  1. Iron deficiency
  2. Thalassaemia trait
  3. Post-transfusion
18
Q

What is Mean Cell Haemoglobin?

A

Average measure- Hb in each RBC

19
Q

What may cause an increase in mean cell haemoglobin?

A

Spherocytosis

20
Q

What may cause reduced Mean Cell Haemoglobin?

A

Iron deficiency

21
Q

What factors do we use to identify reticulocytes?

A
  • Size
  • RNA content
22
Q

If reticulocyte count was elevated, what may have caused this?

A
  • Increased EPO
  • Recent blood loss
  • Response to iron/vit B12/ folate replacement
  • Haemolytic anaemia
  • Recovery from bone marrow suppression
23
Q

What may cause a reduced reticulocyte number?

A
  • Haematinic deficiency
  • Bone marrow failure
24
Q

Why might a sample be flagged as requiring a blood film?

A
  • Results from FBC=significantly outside normal range/significant change from last results
  • Analyser thinks there are abnormal cells
25
Q

How is a blood film carried out?

A

Small drop of blood- spread on glass- one layer thick

Fixed w./ methanol–> stained–> enable microscope visulisation

26
Q

What do each of the following terms mean?:

Microcytic

Macrocytic

Hypochromic

Hyperchromic

A
27
Q

What do each of the following mean?

A
28
Q

Describe each of the following:

A
29
Q

Fill in the missing labels:

A
30
Q

Fill in the missing labels:

A
31
Q

Fill in the missing labels:

A
32
Q

Fill in the missing labels:

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33
Q

What results would you expect to see for an Iron Deficiency?

A
34
Q

What results would you expect to see if someone had spherocytosis?

A
35
Q

What results would you expect to see from an iron deficiency?

A

2 MEH (18 decks)

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