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Pathophysiology > 7. Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

7. Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

molecular targets of antibodies and lymphocytes

A

antigens

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2
Q

process by which the extensive diversity of antigen receptors on B and T cells is established

A

clonal diversity

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3
Q

develop from B cells -> produce antibodies

A

plasma cells

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4
Q

T cells that identify and kill target cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

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5
Q

T cells that regulate immune response by helping clonal selection process

A

T-helper cells

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6
Q

T cells that suppress immune responses

A

T-regulatory cells

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7
Q

come from both B and T cells and activate rapidly during a second infection w/ the same microbe

A

memory cells

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8
Q

refers to immunity through circulating antibodies

A

humoral immunity

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9
Q

type of antigen that is too small to elicit immune response

A

hapten

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10
Q

infection/exposure immunity

A

active natural

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11
Q

vaccine immunity

A

active artificial

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12
Q

maternal immunity

A

passive natural

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13
Q

IVIg (immunoglobulins/serum/antibodies)

A

passive artificial

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14
Q

T/F: passive immunity does not lead to memory

A

True

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15
Q

3 parts to an antibody

A
  • 2 identical antigen binding fragments (Fab) - Fc portion that is responsible for most biological functions of antibody
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16
Q

precise area of the antigen that is recognized by the antibody

A

antigenic determinant or epitope

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17
Q

Name 3 ways Abs directly affect Ags

A
  • neutralization - precipitation - agglutination
18
Q

inactivating or blocking the binding of antigens to receptors

A

neutralization

19
Q

clumping of insoluble particles

A

agglutination

20
Q

making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate

A

precipitation

21
Q

How do Abs indirectly affect Ags

A

activate innate immune system -> complement and phagocytes

22
Q

best complement activating antibody

A

IgM

23
Q

best opsonin antibody

A

IgG

24
Q

antibody that is part of mucosal immunity

A

IgA

25
Q

antibody that responds to allergic reactions and parasites to activate mast cells

A

IgE

26
Q

only antibody that crosses the placenta

A

IgG

27
Q

What surface immunoglobulins are located on B-cell receptors (BCR)

A

IgM and IgG

28
Q

CD markers of B cells

A

CD19 and CD20

29
Q

CD markers of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

A
  • helper: CD3 and CD4 - cytotoxic: CD3 and CD8 - CD3 is located on all T cells
30
Q

processing of antigen and gene rearrangement for a specific immune response

A

clonal selection

31
Q

Which cells are APCs

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

32
Q

What cells are HLA class I found on

A

all nucleated cells

33
Q

What cells are HLA class II found on

A

all APCs

34
Q

What is presented by each class of HLA and to what cells are they presented?

A
  • HLA I: present endogenous antigens for cytotoxic T cells (CD8) -> gives thumbs up that the cell is OK - HLA II: present exogenous antigens ingested to T-helper cells (CD4) -> activate adaptive immunity
35
Q

T/F: APCs have both HLA I and HLA II on their surface

A

True: all nucleated cells have HLA I

36
Q

activate T-cells without MHC-II or antigen to activate them -> widespread activation of immune system

A

Superantigens

37
Q

What immunoglobulins do B cells produce before class switching?

A

IgM and IgD

38
Q

lymphoid cells with similar killing mechanisms as CTL but are not antigen specific (only looking for HLA class I which inhibits it)

A

natural killer (NK) cells

39
Q

CD of Tregs

A

CD4 and CD25

40
Q

immunoglobulins released during primary exposure

A

IgM (major) and IgG (minor)

41
Q

immunoglobulins released during secondary exposure

A

IgG (major) and IgM (minor)

42
Q

Most abundant immunoglobulin in the body

A

IgG

Pathophysiology (20 decks)

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