7. Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
molecular targets of antibodies and lymphocytes
antigens
process by which the extensive diversity of antigen receptors on B and T cells is established
clonal diversity
develop from B cells -> produce antibodies
plasma cells
T cells that identify and kill target cells
cytotoxic T cells
T cells that regulate immune response by helping clonal selection process
T-helper cells
T cells that suppress immune responses
T-regulatory cells
come from both B and T cells and activate rapidly during a second infection w/ the same microbe
memory cells
refers to immunity through circulating antibodies
humoral immunity
type of antigen that is too small to elicit immune response
hapten
infection/exposure immunity
active natural
vaccine immunity
active artificial
maternal immunity
passive natural
IVIg (immunoglobulins/serum/antibodies)
passive artificial
T/F: passive immunity does not lead to memory
True
3 parts to an antibody
- 2 identical antigen binding fragments (Fab) - Fc portion that is responsible for most biological functions of antibody
precise area of the antigen that is recognized by the antibody
antigenic determinant or epitope
Name 3 ways Abs directly affect Ags
- neutralization - precipitation - agglutination
inactivating or blocking the binding of antigens to receptors
neutralization
clumping of insoluble particles
agglutination
making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate
precipitation
How do Abs indirectly affect Ags
activate innate immune system -> complement and phagocytes
best complement activating antibody
IgM
best opsonin antibody
IgG
antibody that is part of mucosal immunity
IgA
antibody that responds to allergic reactions and parasites to activate mast cells
IgE
only antibody that crosses the placenta
IgG
What surface immunoglobulins are located on B-cell receptors (BCR)
IgM and IgG
CD markers of B cells
CD19 and CD20
CD markers of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells
- helper: CD3 and CD4 - cytotoxic: CD3 and CD8 - CD3 is located on all T cells
processing of antigen and gene rearrangement for a specific immune response
clonal selection
Which cells are APCs
dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells
What cells are HLA class I found on
all nucleated cells
What cells are HLA class II found on
all APCs
What is presented by each class of HLA and to what cells are they presented?
- HLA I: present endogenous antigens for cytotoxic T cells (CD8) -> gives thumbs up that the cell is OK - HLA II: present exogenous antigens ingested to T-helper cells (CD4) -> activate adaptive immunity
T/F: APCs have both HLA I and HLA II on their surface
True: all nucleated cells have HLA I
activate T-cells without MHC-II or antigen to activate them -> widespread activation of immune system
Superantigens
What immunoglobulins do B cells produce before class switching?
IgM and IgD
lymphoid cells with similar killing mechanisms as CTL but are not antigen specific (only looking for HLA class I which inhibits it)
natural killer (NK) cells
CD of Tregs
CD4 and CD25
immunoglobulins released during primary exposure
IgM (major) and IgG (minor)
immunoglobulins released during secondary exposure
IgG (major) and IgM (minor)
Most abundant immunoglobulin in the body
IgG
