7. Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

molecular targets of antibodies and lymphocytes

Answer 1

antigens

Question 2

process by which the extensive diversity of antigen receptors on B and T cells is established

Answer 2

clonal diversity

Question 3

develop from B cells -> produce antibodies

Answer 3

plasma cells

Question 4

T cells that identify and kill target cells

Answer 4

cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

T cells that regulate immune response by helping clonal selection process

Answer 5

T-helper cells

Question 6

T cells that suppress immune responses

Answer 6

T-regulatory cells

Question 7

come from both B and T cells and activate rapidly during a second infection w/ the same microbe

Answer 7

memory cells

Question 8

refers to immunity through circulating antibodies

Answer 8

humoral immunity

Question 9

type of antigen that is too small to elicit immune response

Answer 9

hapten

Question 10

infection/exposure immunity

Answer 10

active natural

Question 11

vaccine immunity

Answer 11

active artificial

Question 12

maternal immunity

Answer 12

passive natural

Question 13

IVIg (immunoglobulins/serum/antibodies)

Answer 13

passive artificial

Question 14

T/F: passive immunity does not lead to memory

Answer 14

True

Question 15

3 parts to an antibody

Answer 15

• 2 identical antigen binding fragments (Fab) - Fc portion that is responsible for most biological functions of antibody

Question 16

precise area of the antigen that is recognized by the antibody

Answer 16

antigenic determinant or epitope

Question 17

Name 3 ways Abs directly affect Ags

Answer 17

• neutralization - precipitation - agglutination

Question 18

inactivating or blocking the binding of antigens to receptors

Answer 18

neutralization

Question 19

clumping of insoluble particles

Answer 19

agglutination

Question 20

making a soluble antigen into an insoluble precipitate

Answer 20

precipitation

Question 21

How do Abs indirectly affect Ags

Answer 21

activate innate immune system -> complement and phagocytes

Question 22

best complement activating antibody

Answer 22

IgM

Question 23

best opsonin antibody

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

antibody that is part of mucosal immunity

Answer 24

IgA

Question 25

antibody that responds to allergic reactions and parasites to activate mast cells

Answer 25

IgE

Question 26

only antibody that crosses the placenta

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

What surface immunoglobulins are located on B-cell receptors (BCR)

Answer 27

IgM and IgG

Question 28

CD markers of B cells

Answer 28

CD19 and CD20

Question 29

CD markers of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells

Answer 29

- helper: CD3 and CD4 - cytotoxic: CD3 and CD8 - CD3 is located on all T cells

Question 30

processing of antigen and gene rearrangement for a specific immune response

Answer 30

clonal selection

Question 31

Which cells are APCs

Answer 31

dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

Question 32

What cells are HLA class I found on

Answer 32

all nucleated cells

Question 33

What cells are HLA class II found on

Answer 33

all APCs

Question 34

What is presented by each class of HLA and to what cells are they presented?

Answer 34

- HLA I: present endogenous antigens for cytotoxic T cells (CD8) -\> gives thumbs up that the cell is OK - HLA II: present exogenous antigens ingested to T-helper cells (CD4) -\> activate adaptive immunity

Question 35

T/F: APCs have both HLA I and HLA II on their surface

Answer 35

True: all nucleated cells have HLA I

Question 36

activate T-cells without MHC-II or antigen to activate them -\> widespread activation of immune system

Answer 36

Superantigens

Question 37

What immunoglobulins do B cells produce before class switching?

Answer 37

IgM and IgD

Question 38

lymphoid cells with similar killing mechanisms as CTL but are not antigen specific (only looking for HLA class I which inhibits it)

Answer 38

natural killer (NK) cells

Question 39

CD of Tregs

Answer 39

CD4 and CD25

Question 40

immunoglobulins released during primary exposure

Answer 40

IgM (major) and IgG (minor)

Question 41

immunoglobulins released during secondary exposure

Answer 41

IgG (major) and IgM (minor)

Question 42

Most abundant immunoglobulin in the body

Answer 42

IgG