6th Six Weeks Flashcards
Amphoteric (amphiprotic)
An amphoteric substance can act as either an acid or a base.
Acids
- sour taste (acetic acid: vinegar; citric acid: lemon)
- electrolytes
- react with metals to produce H2 (g)
- ph
Bases
- bitter taste
- electrolytes
- react with fats to produce soap (saponification)
- slippery
- pH > 7
Indicators
chemicals that change color based on pH
Arrhenius Theory
Acids contain H+ ion, released when ionized. Bases contain OH- ion, released when ionized.
Brønsted-Lowry Theory
Brønsted–Lowry theory, also called proton theory of acids and bases, a theory, introduced independently in 1923 by the Danish chemist Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and the English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry, stating that any compound that can transfer a proton to any other compound is an acid, and the compound that accepts the proton is a base. A proton is a nuclear particle with a unit positive electrical charge; it is represented by the symbol H+ because it constitutes the nucleus of a hydrogen atom.
Conjugate Acids and Bases
A conjugate pair refers to acids and bases with common features. These common features are the equal loss/gain of protons between the pairs. Conjugate acids and conjugate bases are characterized as the acids and bases that lose or gain protons. In an acid-base reaction, and acid plus a base reacts to form a conjugate base plus a conjugate acid.
pH
the negative log of the activity of the hydrogen ion in an aqueous solution. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Pure water has a pH of 7.
pOH
A measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions
Kinetic Molecular Theory
The theory that states a gas consists of molecules in constant random motion
Boyle’s Law
The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature and the amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system
Charles’ Law
If a given quantity of gas is held at a constant pressure, its volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
Gay-Lussac’s Law
The density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the absolute temperature of the gas
Ideal Gas Law
The law that the product of the pressure and the volume of one gram molecule of an ideal gas is equal to the product of the absolute temperature of the gas and the universal gas constant
