6c. MS & Epilepsy - Begrippen omgekeerd

Question 1

Which phase of MS?

Early stage of the disease (MS) > autoreactive immune celss traffic into the CNS > results in focal inflammation and demyelination (visible as gadolinium-enhancing lesions on MRI) > relapses are then followed by periods of remission as inflammation resolves and remyelination occurs.

Answer 1

Relapsing-remitting phase

Question 2

Lesion in or near the cortex (MS)

Answer 2

Juxtacortical lesion

Question 3

Lesion between cortex and ventricles (MS)

Answer 3

Periventricular lesion

Question 4

Lesion caused by active inflammation (MS)

Answer 4

Gadolinium-enhancing lesion

Question 5

What is the most popular test in MS?

Used as a minimum baseline screening and repeated yearly (5 min duration).

It examines information processing speed and working memory (substitute meaningless symbols by corresponding numbers)

Answer 5

Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)

Question 6

What eeds to be filled in by the patient and informant (in MS)?

Self-reported scores correlate more with depression, informant-reported scores more with cognitive dysfunction.

Answer 6

MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire

Question 7

Which test does this refer to? (MS)

To measure verbal learning and memory recall. It’s similar to the 15WT, but here are 12 words and only the words that are missed are given by the test instructor.

Answer 7

Selective Reminding Test

Question 8

Which test does this refer to? (MS)

To assess visuospatial learning and late recall. It’s a board with dots that the subject has to reproduce.

Answer 8

10/36 Spatial Recall Test (SPART)

Question 9

Which test does this refer to? (MS)

To assess processing speed and working memory. Patients need to add pairs of digits presented at 2 rates of speed. The 2 second condition is hard for MS patients.

Answer 9

Paced Auditary Serial Addition Test (PASAT)

Question 10

Which test does this refer to? (MS)

A semantic fluency test (vegetables, fruits, animals)

Answer 10

Word list generation test

Question 11

What seizure does this refer to?

Seizures without loss of consciousness (symptoms may not be seen from the outside)

Symptoms:

1. May alter emotions
2. Change the way things look, smell, feel, taste, or sound
3. Involuntary jerking of a body part
4. Sensory symptoms, e.g. tingling, dizziness, and flashing lights

Answer 11

Simple partial seizure (focal seizure)

Question 12

What seizure does this refer to?

Seizures with impaired awareness

Symptoms:

1. Change of loss of consciousness or awareness
2. Stare into space and not response normally to the environment
3. Perform repetitive movements

Answer 12

Complex partial seizure (focal seizure)

Question 13

What seizure does this refer to?

Often occur in children.

o Staring into space or subtle body movements (eye blinking or lip smacking)
o May cause brief loss of consciousness

Answer 13

Absence seizure (petite small seizure)

Question 14

What seizure does this refer to?

o Stiffening of muscles (in your back, arms, legs)
o May cause fall

Answer 14

Tonic seizure

Question 15

What seizure does this refer to?

o Loss of muscle control
o May cause sudden collapse or fall

Answer 15

Atonic seizure (drop seizure)

Question 16

What seizure does this refer to?

o Repeated, rhythmic jerking muscle movements (neck, face, arms)

Answer 16

Clonic seizure

Question 17

What seizure does this refer to?

o Sudden brief jerks or twitches of arms and legs

Answer 17

Myoclonic seizure

Question 18

What seizure does this refer to?

Most dramatic type of epilepsy seizures.

o Abrupt loss of consciousness
o Body stiffening and shaking
o Sometimes loss of bladder control or tongue bite

Answer 18

Tonic-clonic seizure (grand mall seizure)

Question 19

Was term does this refer to?

Some people use this term to describe the warning they feel before they have a tonic-clonic seizure. It is in fact a focal aware seizure.

Answer 19

Aura

Question 20

What syndrome does this refer to?

An autosomal dominant genetic disorder which causes a catastrophic form of epilepsy with prolonged seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or fever.

Answer 20

Davet-syndrome