2b. Traumatic Brain Injury - Begrippen omgekeerd

Question 1

What does this refer to?

The damage is the result of a moving object that hits the fixed head or the skull is moved by a forceful blow

Answer 1

Acceleration

Question 2

What does this refer to?

The damage is the result of opposite movements, so the head is moving against a stationary object

Answer 2

Deceleration

Question 3

What does this refer to?

Disruption of the tissue at the point of impact

Answer 3

Coup

Question 4

What does this refer to?

(Indirect) disruption of tissue located opposite to the site of impact

Answer 4

Contre-coup

Question 5

What does this refer to?

Sudden backward acceleration of the skull causes the brain to move forward, striking the front of the skull.

Answer 5

Hyperextension

Question 6

What does this refer to?

The head recoils forward and suddenly stops, the brain shifts backward, striking the back of the skull.

Answer 6

Hyperflexion

Question 7

What does this refer to?

Subdural & epidural hematomata can result in a shift of brain matter which is life threatening if not recognized early on.

Answer 7

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (TSAH)

Question 8

What does this refer to?

It is the result of severe axonal injury. When an axon is damaged, many neurotransmitters are released, specifically glutamate > this causes an excess of calcium > this causes overexcitation of the already injured neuron

Answer 8

Delayed axotomy

Question 9

What does this refer to?

This can occur due to massive edema (accumulation of fluid) or to the accumulation of blood caused by disrupted arteries

Answer 9

Increased intracranial pressure

Question 10

What does this refer to?

This can occur due to laceration of an artery or swelling in the brain. A swelling in the brain hinders the blood flow and thus the supply of oxygen and nutrition to the cells (hypoxia).

Answer 10

Disturbed blood flow

Question 11

What does this refer to?

The blood’s ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired

Answer 11

Coagulopathy

Question 12

What does this refer to?

Having a temperature above the normal range (fever)

Answer 12

Pyrexia

Question 13

What does this refer to?

When parts outside the brain are damaged (e.g. blood loss in leg) this may lead to failing of autoregulation such as shock or hypertension > then the brain receives insufficient oxygen leading to brain ischemia

Answer 13

Hypoxia

Question 14

What does this refer to?

The period between coma and fully consciousness

Answer 14

Minimally conscious state

Question 15

What does this refer to?

A state of confusion immediately following TBI. A person is disoriented, unable to remember events prior and after the injury.

Answer 15

Post Traumatic Amnesia (PTA)

Question 16

What does this refer to?

Transition from PTA to continuous memory is usually gradual, with sometimes initial short periods of clarity.

Answer 16

Islands of memory

Question 17

What does this refer to?

Shaking of the brain, no permanent loss of cognitive functioning

Answer 17

Commotio cerebri / concussion / hersenschudding

Question 18

What does this refer to?

Bruising of the brain, in most cases permanent loss of cognitive abilities

Answer 18

Contusio cerebri / contusion / hersenkneuzing

Question 19

What does this refer to?

If complaints are following a mild injury, but last for longer than 3 months, patients may present themselves with excessive numbers of not proportional complaints. Psychological factors and inadequate coping styles are predictive of these complaints. It does not have to be a conscious process and has to be distinguished from malingering

Answer 19

Post-concussion syndrome or Cogniform disorder