6c Monoclonal antibodies (triple only) Flashcards
Antbodies are produced by ….
Lymphocyltes
How many different tyoes of antibodies can be made by each lymphocyte?
One
Name the molecule shown in the diagram
Antibody
What does an antidoy bind on to?
Antigen
The antigen binding site are very specific.
What does this mean?
The antibody binding sites are a particular shape.
They will bind to an antigen with a complementary shape.
To amke a monoclonal antibody a mouse is first injected with the …….
Antigen
What is extracted from the mouse a few days after injecting hte antigen?
Lymphocyltes from the spleen
Whzt is a myelomma cell and why is it used in the
production of monoclonal antiboeis
Tumour cell
Undergoes uncontrolled cell division
Can be cloned easily
What is a hydridoma?
The cell produced when a myeloma cell is fused with a lymphocyte
Describe how a monoclonal antibody is made.
Antigen injected into a mouse
Lymphocyltes remoeved from the mouse
Lymphocytes fused with a myelomma cell
Produces a hybiridoma cell
Select and isolate the hybridoma cell that prodces the required antibody
Clone the hybridoma to produce losts of identical hydridoma cells
Collect and purify the anitbodies produced
Give a use of monoclonal antiboides
Diagnosis eg pregnancy tests
In labs to meausre levels of hormones or other blood chemicals
Detect pathogens
In research to locae or identify speicific moleucles in a cell or tissue by binding them to a fluorescent dye
Treat diseases eg cancer
Give a disadvangate of using monoclonal antibodies
in the treatment of disease
Create more side effects than expected
How can a monoclonal antibody be used to kill cancer cells?
Add a toxic chemical /drugo r radioactive substance to monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibody binds to the cnacer cells with the complementary shaped anttigen
Dru/chemcial/radioactivity stops the cell from growing and dividing
Does not harm other cells
