Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology A2 Rafa > 6.6 Populations and Sustainability > Flashcards

6.6 Populations and Sustainability Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is carrying capacity (k)?

A

the maximum population size that can be maintained over a period in a particular habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

the factor whose magnitude slows down the rate of a natural process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define interspecific competition

A

competitions between individuals of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define intraspecific competition

A

competition between individuals of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is conservation?

A

maintenance of biodiversity, including diversity between species, genetic diversity within species, and maintenance of a variety of habitats and ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is preservation?

A

maintenance of habitats and ecosystems in their present condition, minimising human impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of one species that occupy the same habitat at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of strategists?

A

k and r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Abiotic limiting factors

A
  • temperature
  • light
  • pH
  • humidity
  • water availability
  • O2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biotic limiting factors

A
  • predation
  • competition for resources
  • disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of strategists are determined by carrying capacity?

A

k

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of k strategists

A

birds, large mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristics of k strategists

A
  • low reproductive rate
  • slow development
  • late reproductive age
  • long lifespan
  • large body mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristics of r strategists

A
  • high reproductive rate
  • quick development
  • young reproductive age
  • short life span
  • small body mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to r-strategists?

A

exceed theoretical carrying capacity, species die and out migrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Threats to biodiversity

A
  • overexploitation (food, sport, commerce)
  • habitat disruption/ fragmentation (agriculture, pollution, urbanisation)
  • introduction of new species that outcompete native species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Things to take into account with conservation strategies

A
  • social and economic costs to local community

- communication/liaison with local community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conservation strategies

A
  • raise carrying capacity with extra food
  • move individuals or encourage dispersion between fragmented habitats
  • restrict by fencing
  • control predators and poachers
  • preventing pollution or disruption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why conserve?

A

ethical, social, economic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List of social and ethical reasons to conserve

A
  • biodiversity harbours future potential
  • breeding drought resistant crops
  • discovering medicines
  • discovering sources of energy and sustainable food
  • natural predatores can act as pest control
  • pollination
  • tourism and recreation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is sustainable management?

A

Balancing needs of rapidly growing human population and maintaining biodiversity and preventing overexploitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is used in small scale timber production?

A

rotational coppicing

-dont cut same section every year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is coppicing?

A

Stem of a tree is cut close to ground in winter

once it is cut, new shoots grow into narrow stems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is rotational coppicing good for biodiversity?

A

Different sections = wont finish succession, less big trees to block out light = more biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Techniques of modern sustainable forestry

A
  • selective cutting
  • control pests and pathogens
  • only grow species that will grow well
  • position trees optimal distance apart
26
Q

Principles for the sustainable management of fish

A
  • prevent overfishing (keep fish at carrying capacity)
  • no permanent damage to habitats
  • must adapt to changing circumstances
  • aquaculture (rearing fish under controlled conditions)
27
Q

What endangered species are in the terai region?

A

Bengal roger and greater one horned rhino

28
Q

What are forests in the terai region under pressure from?

A

Expansion of agriculture
Grazing from farm animals
Over exploitation of forest resources
Replacement of traditional crop varieties with modern ones

29
Q

What can the forests of the terai region provide local people with?

A 
Fuel 
Animal feed
Food
Building materials
Agricultural and household tools
Medicines
30
Q

What did WWF do to ensure conservation in terai region?

A

Forest corridors between natural parks
Counteracting poachers and illegal felling
Constructed waterholes
Monitors endangered species and eradicating invasive species
Developed small credit and marketing schemes
Introduced biogas plants and wood efficient stoves to reduce demand for firewood

31
Q

Where is the terai region?

A

In the south of Nepal

32
Q

Where is the Maasai Mara?

A

Kenya

33
Q

What triggered intensification of agricultural practices in the Maasai mara ?

A

People taking individual title over smaller portions of land
Limited wildlife to small areas and constructed mobility of livestock

34
Q

What did land owners do to increase tourism income in the Maasai Mara?

A

Unionised and turned it into conservancies

35
Q

What are conservancies in the Maasai Mara paid?

A

Payment for wildlife conservation (PWC) proportional to area of land set aside for conservation or

36
Q

Negative outcomes on conservancies in the Maasai Mara?

A
  • land owners must move livestock out during tourist season , where no one receives PWC
  • when they settle elsewhere there are constraints on how they use their land
37
Q

When does peat form?

A

When a lack of oxygen prevents complete decomposition of organic matter
Usually due to water logging

38
Q

What moss grows ideally in peat bogs?

Why are peat bogs important?

A

Sphagnum Moss
Stopping off and feeding for migrating birds
Good for archeological digs

39
Q

Why are peat bogs Being diminished ?

A

Use as compost

40
Q

What trees have almost been eradicated on Galapagos to make room for agricultural land?

A

Scalesia

41
Q

Explain over exploitation of resources on Galapagos?

A
  • tortoises (captive breeding)
  • fishing for expiring species
  • depletion of sea cucumbers
  • shark fin market bad
42
Q

Examples of introduced species on Galapagos

A
  • cats hunt lava lizard and young iguanas
  • goats feed and trample tortoise food supply and disrupt nesting
  • red quinine has wildly dispersed seeds makes forest canopy which means that Cacaotillo shrub less and Galapagos petrel has lost nesting site
43
Q

How do we stop invasive species on Galapagos?

A

Search arriving boats and tourist groups
Natural predators exploited to reduce damage by pests
Culling

44
Q

How can we manage effects of human activity on Galapagos?

A

Educating new residents

Coastal zones are no take areas

45
Q

Why are numbers on krill in Antarctic going down?

A
  • make nutritional supplements
  • make animal feed
  • new tech means quick and easy harvest
  • fishing boats go where there is a lot of krill and natural predators can’t find krill elsewhere
46
Q

How do we stop over exploitation of krill?

A

Trigger level catch size in particular areas

When reached, fishing just be equal across all areas up to total catch limit

47
Q

How are albatrosses and petrels threatens in the Antarctic?

A

Pollution, hunting and poaching for eggs, habitat destruction and introduction of non native predators
Long line fishing (birds eat and swallow lines)

48
Q

How to protect albatrosses

A

Bird scaring lines and streamers
Weighted lines
Lines at night
Avoid breeding and nesting time

49
Q

How do we stop limited biodiversity from pine plantations in the Lake District?

A

More varied planting and felling pattern

50
Q

How do invasive species limit biodiversity in the Lake District?
How do we stop this?

A

Outcompete native species
Dense canopy prevents light from reaching floor
Roots produce toxic chemicals
Conservation workers remove them

51
Q

How is heathland in the Lake District maintained?

A

Burning strips of vegetation
Areas of different ages = bigger variety of animals
Managed by grazing

52
Q

What are mines under threat from?

A 
Burning
Grazing
Drainage
Agriculture
Peat extraction
53
Q

How are mines managed in the Lake District?

A

Rewetted

Artificially controlled water levels

54
Q

What do good footpaths in snowdonia ensure?

A

Rare plants are not trodden on

55
Q

How is the land on mount snowdon protected?

A

Good footpaths
Gutters take water from paths
Rubbish cleared from blocking gutters
Worked work with farmers to reduce sheep grazing
Monitor feral goat populations
Farmers encouraged to plant hedges and conserve ancient woodland

56
Q

What rare birds nest in moorland in snowdonia?

A

Hen harrier
Merlin
Kestrel
Rare butterflies

57
Q

How do humans affect moorland in snowdonia negatively?

A
  • farmers dig open drainage ditches (increases flood risk and poor water quality in rivers)
  • conifers being painted as cash crops(absorb water and the roads that carry wood away compact the land)
  • burning for varied habitat (accidental fire and peat on fire = large scale damage)
58
Q

How can drainage ditches be blocked in snowdonia to stop land drying?

A

Hay bales

59
Q

How do we keep the land moist in snowdonia where conifer trees grow?

A

Branches used to block drainage ditches

60
Q

How do we burn land without damaging in snowdonia?

A

Controlled fires before Heather gets too old and dry

74
Q

What is it called when you cut the stem of a tree higher up?

A

Pollarding

75
Q

What do goats feed on in the Galapagos?

A

Galapagos rock-purslane, a species unique to the islands

Biology A2 Rafa (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions