6.4 Flashcards
what immune responces sart firs
innate response hen adaptive response
these are interconnected
what deos bacterial invasion result in
inflammatory responce
stages of the response of bacterial invasion
page 167
what works together to destroy the virus and virus-infected cells
T-cell mediated, and humoral immunity work together
what do viruses do prior infecting a host
go through an extracellular phase and phagocytes and AB’s can help here
once virus is intracellular what happens
most immune cells and antibodies can’t get at them
infectd host cells produces IFN B and macrophages produce IFN a
- induces an antiviral state in nearby cells
how are viraly infected cells killed
cytokines are secreted from host cells and macrophages activate NK and Tc cells
Tc cells recognize viral peptides in MHC class I or infected cell and kill it
- perforin and granymes and Fas Ligandinduce apoptosis in target cell
When viruses turn off MHC class I NK cells kill any cell with no MHC class I on its surface
at teh end of responce most Tc cells die but some become memory cells
what are allergies
an inflammotory immune response to a non-pathogenic antigen
inflammotory responses triggered by specific antigens that cause allergies which are not harmful by themeselves
what do sensitive individual develop for allergies
inflamotory responses to these antigens and the resulting response is worse and causes more damage than the antigen
can range from mild to fatal
what are the two types of hypersensitive allergic responces
immediate hypersensitivity - happens in minutes
- AB mediated
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) - takes hours to days
- mediated by T cells and macrophages
how can allegerns be consumed
inhaled, ingested, or touched
can be practically any foriegn substance - organic, non-organic, synthetic, or natural
generally low molecular weight, low concentration
stages of response
page 169
severity of allergic respponses
localized - rashes or hay fever
systemic - anaphylactic shock (in the body)
How does traplant fforign tissue work
able to transplant foreign tissues but must not be rejected by recipient’s immune system
- MHC protiens are primary tissue antigens that must be recognized as forighn
- MHC proiens are also called Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)
- If the recipient and donor share the same HLA - tissue is often transplanted successfully
what are the two possible outcomes of the tissue transplant
rejection of the host by donor tissue -graft versus host
rejection of the donor tisue by the recipient’s immune system - host versus graft
