6.3 Ethics

Question 1

What is amateurism?

Answer 1

Amateurism – Participation in Sport for the love of it, receiving no financial gain, it is based on the concept of athleticism

Question 2

Briefly explain History of Amateurism

Answer 2

• 19th Century code: Had set out rules for everyone to follow
• Code of ethics: played to a high moral code
• Evidence of amateurism today: FairPlay, sportsmanship, codification
• Equipment and facilities: Played sport in facilities which the lower class had no access to
• Participation more important than winning: People played for joy of the sport
• Wealthy: Upper class were the amateur and lower class were pro

Question 3

What is sportsmanship?

Answer 3

Conforming to the rules spirit and etiquette of the sport

Question 4

What is athleticism?

Answer 4

A fanatical devotion to sport involving high levels of physical endeavour and moral integrity

Question 5

Identify ways in which sportsmanship is encouraged and maintained in high level /elite sport

Answer 5

NGBs encourage fair play
Players are seen as role models and should behave properly
Awards for people who display good attitude
Want to maintain a clean image for the sport

Question 6

What is sportsmanship?

Answer 6

Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport

Question 7

What is gamesmanship? Give examples

Answer 7

Bending the rules and stretching them to their absolute limit without getting caught.

Simulation - Faking a foul or injury
Time wasting
• Attempting to get a head start in a race
• Calling for your throw in when you kicked it

Question 8

What is positive deviance ? Give example

Answer 8

Behaviour which is outside the norms of society but with no intent to break rules

An example could be a athlete is striving to win within the rules of sport but accidentally and without intent injures another player

Question 9

What is negative deviance ? Give example

Answer 9

Behaviour that goes against the norms and has a detrimental effect on individuals and society in general

Examples: taking illegal PED’s, deliberately fouling or harming opponent through violent actions, accepting a bribe to lose, diving to win peno

Question 10

Discuss the view that sportsmanship has declined over the last century. 15 marker

Answer 10

AO1 Sportsmanship - What is it? Definition – its history e.g. amateurism, athleticism

AO2 Present the two sides briefly
Agree – that sportsmanship has declined over the last 100 years. Disagree – Ethics of sportsmanship are still evident today

AO3 - go into depth

Discuss –
Agree arguments – decline, professionalism, outside pressures to win, win at all costs, led to gamesmanship, give evidence of decline e.g. PED’s, cheating, managers fired, media negative etc

Disagree – Ethics of sportsmanship, encouraged by NGB’s strategies, awards, role models, promotions, maintaining a clean image important for endorsements.

Question 11

Give reasons why an elite performer may display behaviour which is deemed unacceptable by coaches, managers and officials

Answer 11

• Pressures from sponsors to continue succeeding
• Financial rewards
• Fear of losing (job/contract)
• Win at all costs ethic

Question 12

Outline strategies sporting authorities such as NGB could use to encourage higher standards of individual performer behaviour

Answer 12

• Booking/sending off
• Fine/ban
• Club fine

Question 13

Three ways sports performers fail to adopt the sportsmanship ethic from:

Answer 13

• By time wasting
• By cheating/playing unfairly
• By arguing with officials

Question 14

Three ways to encourage sportsmanship from:

Answer 14

• Use of NGB’s campaigns promoting sportsmanship/fair play
• Introduction of NGB rules promoting fair play (banning high tackles/late tackles)
• Punish foul play e.g sin bin, send player off