6.3 - Artificial Intelligence (AI) Flashcards
What is AI? [2]
A branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behaviours by computers
What are the characteristics of AI? [3]
- collection of rules and data
- ability to reason
- ability to learn and adapt
What are the 3 categories AI can be split into? [3]
- narrow AI
- general AI
- strong AI
What is narrow AI? [2]
occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human when doing ONE specific task
What is general AI? [2]
occurs when a machine is similar in its performance to a human doing a specific task
What is a strong AI? [2]
occurs when a machine has superior performance to a human in many tasks
What are examples of narrow AI? [2]
- facial recognition systems
- chatbots
What are examples of general AI? [2]
- doesn’t exist right now
hypothetically: writing an article or learning a new language
What are examples of strong AI? [2]
- doesn’t exist right now
- from scientific discovery to social manipulation
What are the two types of AI systems? [2]
- expert system
- machine learning
What is an expert system? [2]
a computer system that mimics the decision-making ability of a human
What is machine learning? [2]
a subset of AI which uses data to enable machines to be trained and to learn from past experiences
Where are expert systems used? Give examples. [4]
- oil and mineral prospecting
- strategy games like chess
- tax and financial calculations
- logistics
What are the advantages of using an expert system? [5]
- high level of expertise
- high accuracy and consistent results
- fast response times
- unbiased reporting of facts
- ability to store many ideas and facts
What are the disadvantages of using an expert system? [3]
- users need considerable training
- setup + maintenance costs are high
- users assume that they are incapable of making mistakes
What is a user interface? [2]
- how the expert system interacts with the user
- happens through dialogue boxes or command prompts, etc
What is an inference engine? [4]
- main processing element of expert system
- examines knowledge base for information matching the queries
- responsible for getting the information from the user
- uses inference rules and rules base
What is a knowledge base? [2]
- collection of facts
- collection of objects and their attributes
What is a rules base? [2]
- set of inference rules
- inference rules are used by inference engine to draw a conclusion
- follows logical thinking
What is an explanation system? [2]
- informs user how the expert system arrived at its conclusions
What is the aim of machine learning? [2]
make machines that learn through data acquisition, so that they can solve new problems
What is the aim of AI? [2]
build machines that are capable of thinking like humans
