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Computer Science > 2.1 - Data Transmission > Flashcards

2.1 - Data Transmission Flashcards

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1
Q

What are data packets? [1]

A

data sent over long distances is broken up into data packets

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2
Q

How much are the data packets? [1]

A

64Kib

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3
Q

What is a typical packet split into? [3]

A

Header, Payload, Trailer

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4
Q

What’s in the header? [4]

A
  1. IP address of the source device (sender)
  2. IP address of the destination device (receiver)
  3. Sequence number of the packet
  4. Size of the packet in bytes
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5
Q

Why does the header need a sequence number? [1]

A

So that the packets can be reassembled correctly once they reach the destination

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6
Q

What’s in the payload? [1]

A

The actual data in the packets

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7
Q

What’s in the trailer? [2]

A

Method of identifying the end of the packet

Some form of error checking (CRC)

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8
Q

What is CRC long form? [1]

A

Cyclic redundancy checks

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9
Q

How does CRC work? [4]

A

Sender adds up all the 1-bits in the payload and stores it as a hex value in the trailer

Receiver counts up all the 1-bits once received

Computer then checks if there’s the same number of 1-bits in sender and receiver

If they match then no error if they don’t match then error occurred and the packet needs to be resent

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10
Q

What does a router do? [1]

A

It receives a data packet and based on the information in the header it decides where to send it next

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11
Q

What is packet switching? [1]

A

A method of data transmission in which a message is broken up into a number of packets

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12
Q

What are drawbacks of packet switching? [3]

A

Packets can be lost and need to be resent

This method is more prone to errors with realtime streaming

There’s a delay at the destination whilst the packets are being reordered

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13
Q

What are nodes? [1]

A

They contain a router and are at each stage in the transmission

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14
Q

What are benefits of packet switching? [3]

A

No need for a single communication line

possible to overcome failed, busy or faulty lines by simply rerouting packets

Relatively easy to expand package usage

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15
Q

What is circuit switching? [1]

A

When data is transferred by making connections and travelling along a dedicated path

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16
Q

What are the 3 phases of circuit switching? [3]

A

Connection establishment between sender and receiver

Data transfer

Connection released

17
Q

Why don’t the packets need packet numbers in circuit switching? [1]

A

Because there’s a dedicated path

18
Q

What are the benefits of circuit switching? [3]

A

Dedicated pathway

No delay in data transmission

Predictable performance

19
Q

What are the drawbacks of circuit switching? [4]

A

Inefficient resource utilisation (locks network resources along the path)

Prone to failures because if any part of the circuit fails the whole connection is lost

There’s a delay in the establishment of connection

It’s expensive

20
Q

What is simplex data transmission? [1]

A

When data is sent in one direction only

21
Q

What is half-duplex data transmission? [1]

A

When data is sent in both directions but not at the same time

22
Q

What is full-duplex data transmission? [1]

A

When data is sent in both direction at the same time

23
Q

What is serial data transmission? [1]

A

When data is sent one bit at a time over a single wire/channel

24
Q

What is parallel data transmission? [1]

A

When several bits of data are sent down several channels/wires

25
Q

What does it mean if data becomes skewed? [1]

A

The data arrives unsynchronised and bits arrive out of order

26
Q

What does USB stand for? [1]

A

Universal Serial Bus

27
Q

What is a USB?

A

A form of serial data transmission and is the most common type of input and output port

28
Q

What are the four cables inside of USB? [4]

A

Red, White, Green, Black

29
Q

What is the red cable for? [1]

A

It’s a power cable

30
Q

What is the white cable for? [1]

A

For sending data

31
Q

What is the green cable for? [1]

A

For receiving data

32
Q

What is the black cable for? [1]

A

For earthing

33
Q

What type of data transmission does USB allow? [2]

A

Both half-duplex and full-duplex

34
Q

How are the types of USB ports differentiated? [1]

A

They have different numbers of pins

Computer Science (18 decks)

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