6.3 and 6.4 Flashcards
Average human chromosome nucleotide
250 million
Transcription factors
turn genes on or off
Restriction enzymes
cut DNA at particular sites
Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins
Restriction enzymes or transcription factors
Catabolite gene activator protein (CAP)
recognize specific base-pair sequences in major groove of double helix
Proteins can access genetic info of DNA
without dissembling the double helix
Unwinding of DNA
exposes a single sequence of bases on each of two strands
Prokaryotes DNA
double stranded, closed circular chromosome
Eukaryotes DNA
double-stranded linear chromosomes
Virus DNA
single or double stranded, circular, or linear
Retroviruses (Polio and AIDS) genetic material
use ribonucleic acid (RNA)
RNA sugar
ribose
RNA length
fewer nucleotides than DNA
RNA strands
flexible and some regions can fold back and form base pairs with other parts of molecule
RNA is ____ stable than DNA
less
Complementary base pairing ensures
semi-conservative replication
SEmiconservative replication
copying in which one strand of each new double helix is conserved from the parent molecule and the other is completely new
Conservative replication
one helix is completely conserved while the other helix is made of two new strands
Dispersive replication
both daughter helix’s would contain new and parent material