6.3 Amines and Amino Acids Flashcards
What are amines ?
Organic compounds derived from ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by a carbon ring or chain.
What are aliphatic amines ?
Nitrogen atom is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain.
What is an aromatic amine ?
Nitrogen is attached to an aromatic ring.
Why do amines behave as bases ?
Behaves as bases in their chemical reactions as the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen can accept a proton.
What happens when an amine accepts a proton ?
Dative covalent bond forms between lone pair of electrons on nitrogen and the proton.
How are salts formed from Amines ?
Amines act as bases and neutralise acids to form salts.
How are primary amines formed ?
Lone pair on nitrogen allows ammonia to act as a nucleophile in a substitution reaction.
How are secondary and tertiary amines formed ?
Lone pair on nitrogen reacts further with a haloalkane to form a secondary amine. Forms an ammonium salt.
How are aromatic amines prepared ?
Made by the reduction of nitrobenzene is heated under reflux with tin and HCl to form the ammonium salt and this is then reacted with NaOH to produce phenylamine.
What are amino acids ?
An amino acid is an organic compound containing NH2 and a carboxylic acid functional group.
What is the general formula of amino acids ?
RCH(NH2)COOH.
Reaction of amine group to make salts
Amino acids react to form salts.
Reaction of amines with aqueous alkalis ?
Amino acid reacts with NaOH or KOH to form a salt and water.
Esterification’s with alcohols
Amino acids are esterified by heating with an alcohol in the presence of conc sulfuric acid.
What are amides ?
Products of reactions of acyl chlorides with ammonia and amines.
What is a chiral centre ?
Carbon atom that is attached to 4 different atoms or groups of atoms. Leads to non-superimposable mirror image structures.
What are 2 molecules that are optical isomers called ?
Enantiomers
What is condensation polymerisation ?
Joining monomers with loss of a small molecule.
How can polyesters be formed ?
Can be made from one monomer with a carboxylic acid and alcohol group or two monomers with each.
How many waters are made from polyester made from 1 monomers ?
n-1
How many waters are made from polyester made from 2 monomers ?
2n-1
What are polyamides ?
Condensation polymers are formed when monomers are joined together by amide linkages.
How are condensation polymers hydrolysed ?
Hydrolysed using hot aqueous alkali such as NaOH or hot aqueous acid such as HCl.
