4.1 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What makes a compound organic ?
All organic compounds contain carbon .
Why is carbon essential in organic chemistry ?
Carbon has a unique ability to form a huge variety of compounds with other elements.
What can carbon form ?
Can form 4 bonds with other carbon atoms or elements. Can form chains and rings due to strong covalent bonds with other atoms. Bonds can be single, double or triple.
What is a displayed formula ?
Shows bonds between atoms of elements and can show valence shell electrons.
What is the structural formula ?
Minimal detail to show arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Eg., CH3=CHCH3
What is the skeletal formula ?
Lines, where you assume that at the end of each line is a carbon atom with the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms.
What are hydrocarbons ?
Contain hydrogen and carbon only.
What is a cycloalkane ?
Alkanes where ends join to make a ring.
What is an alkane ?
Only hydrogen and carbon with single bonds.
What is an alkene ?
Only hydrogen and carbon with a double bond.
What are aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes) ?
Arenes that contain one or more benzene rings in which 6 carbon atoms are joined in a ring.
What are saturated arenes?
Contain single bonds only.
What are unsaturated arenes?
Arenes with multiple bonds, either double or triple.
What is aliphatic hydrocarbon ?
Only hydrogen and carbon joined in straight chains, branched or non-aromatic rings.
What are alicyclic hydrocarbons ?
Hydrocarbons arranged in non-aromatic rings.
What is a functional groups ?
Functional group is responsible for characteristic reaction of a compound.
What is a homologous series ?
A series of organic compounds having the same functional groups with each successive member member differing by CH2.
What are isomers ?
Different compounds with the same molecular formula.
What is structural isomerism ?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What are the 2 types of bond fission ?
Homolytic fission and heterolytic fission.
What is homolytic fission ?
When a covalent bond is broken by homolytic fission, each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond.
-Each atom has a single unpaired electron.
-An atom with an unpaired electron is called a radical.
What is heterolytic fission ?
When a covalent bond is broken by heterolytic fission, one of the bonded atoms take both electrons from the bond.
-The atoms that takes both electrons becomes a negative ion.
-The atom that does not take electron become a positive ion.
What is an organic reaction mechanism ?
Reaction mechanism is how the reaction takes place. They are shown through curly arrows to show movement of electrons when bonds are being broken or made. The number of arrow heads show how many electrons are moved.
What is an addition reaction ?
In an addition reaction, two reactants join together to form one product.
What is a substitution reaction ?
In a substitution reaction, an atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom to group of atoms.
What is an elimination reaction ?
An elimination reaction involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one. One reactant molecule forms two products.
What is the molecular formula of methane ?
CH4
What is the molecular formula of ethane ?
C2 H6
What is the molecular formula of propane ?
C3 H8
What is the molecular formula of butane ?
C4 H10
What is the molecular formula of pentane ?
C5 H12
What is the molecular formula of hexane ?
C6 H14
What is the molecular formula of heptane ?
C7 H16
What is the molecular formula of octane ?
C8 H18
What is the molecular formula of nonane ?
C9 H20
What is the molecular formula of decane ?
C10 H22
