Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS) Flashcards
Which of the following is a “typical” ExDS patient?
A. First time stimulant user
B. Chronic abuser of stimulants
C. Acute-on-chronic drug abuse/mental illness patients.
D. Patients with recent severe psychiatric illness diagnosis
C. Acute-on-chronic drug abuse/mental illness patients.
The mortality rate for ExDS is approximately ____%.
A. 2
B. 8
C. 15
D. 25
B. 8
What are the common, but reversible, medical problems associated with ExDS?
- hyperthermia
- hypoglycemia
- acidosis
- hypoxia
- hyperkalemia
Though Ketamine has more stability in its action than common anti-psychotics, benzodiazepines, etc., what is the common factor that drives Ketamine use over other medications?
Rapid onset of action (5-10 minutes versus 20-30 minutes)
Ketamine is a _____-receptor agonist.
A. Benzodiazepine
B. GABA
C. NMDA
C. NMDA
Though Ketamine is helpful in ensuring a patient maintains their airway, what potential complications may occur in Ketamine administration?
- elevated BP/HR (2/2 decr. in NE, dopamine, and serotonin uptake)
- hypersalivation
vomiting
Standard IM ketamine dose?
5 mg/kg
Blockade of NMDA receptors in the CNS produces the effects of Ketamine. What type of channel is the NMDA-R?
- Calcium ion channel.
What molecules will bind to the NMDA-R?
It binds to glutamate, glycine, and other allosteric molecules (EtOH, PCP, Dextromethorphan)
By what mechanism does ketamine work on the NMDA-R?
Ketamine is an uncompeitive inhibitor of the NMDA-R. Specifically, it acts to bind deep within the ion channel, blocking further Ca2+ influx, quieting the neurons.
