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mod 6 > 6.2 non ferrous metals > Flashcards

6.2 non ferrous metals Flashcards

1
Q

What does non ferrous mean?

A

A metal that does not have iron as it main base material

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2
Q

Are non ferrous metals magnetic or non magnetic?

A

Non magnetic

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3
Q

What are 4 examples of non ferrous materials?

A

Aluminium, copper, titanium, manganese

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4
Q

What ore is aluminium extracted from?

A

Bauxite

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5
Q

What are the properties of pure aluminium?

A

Lightweight, lustrous, white,

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6
Q

What properties does aluminium obtain when combined with zinc and copper? (Fractions)

A

Strong with only 1/3 of the weight of steel.

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7
Q

What is the corrosion resistance like in this alloy?

A

Good

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8
Q

In Wrought Aluminium, what are the different series?

A

1-Pure aluminium
2-Copper
3-Manganese
4-Silicon
5-Magnesium
6-Magnesium and Silicon
7-Zinc
8-Other elements
9-Unused elements

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9
Q

What are the properties of Series 1? (When are they used? What can they be? Corrosion resistance and Conductivity?)

A

They are used when strength is needed. Can be strain hardened, they have good corrosion resistance and good electric conductivity.

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10
Q

What are Series 2 susceptible to?

A

Corrosion

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10
Q

What can Series 3 not be?

A

Heat Treated

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11
Q

Why does Series 4 have good weldability and brazing?

A

It has a lower melting temperature

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12
Q

What are the properties of Series 5? (C,W)

A

Good weldability and corrosion resistance.

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13
Q

What can Series 6 be that 3 cannot be?

A

Heat treated

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14
Q

Because Series 7 has high tensile strength, What does that mean in terms of its properties?

A

It is harder and stronger.

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15
Q

How can you increase an aluminium alloys materials corrosion resistance?

A

A thin layer of pure aluminium is cladded on it

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16
Q

What percentage does the Al-clad have to be of the material?

A

3%-5%

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17
Q

What can abrasions to the Al-clad cause?

A

Corrosion or stress points.

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18
Q

How do you recognize Aluminium cladded material?

A

It says Al-Clad, ALC, ClaD, A

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19
Q

What is the most popular magnesium alloy?

A

AZ31

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20
Q

What is Magnesium density compared to Aluminium?

A

Lower and 2/3 of the weight

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21
Q

Magnesium is highly susceptible to what?

A

Corrosion

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22
Q

How can this be overcome?

A

By treating the surface with chemicals that form an oxide film and exclude oxygen.

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23
Q

How do you stop Magnesium cracking when formed?

A

By heating the parts before forming (hot dimpling)

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24
Q

What is dangerous about magnesium?

A

It burns rapidly in any form.

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25
Q

What does solution heat treatment of Magnesium increase?

A

Tensile strength, resistance to shock and ductility.

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26
Q

What does precipitation heat treatment do increase?

A

It increases the yield strength and hardness

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27
Q

What is precipitation heat treatment?

A

Heating it below its temperature for solution heat treatment and holding it there.

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28
Q

How can the ageing process be slowed down?

A

By storing the material at a sub-zero temperature (-20 degrees) straight after being quenched.

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29
Q

How can the ageing process be increased?

A

By heating the material 160-260 degrees and allowing it to soak.

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30
Q

What are the properties of Aluminium in terms of weight and strength

A

Lightweight and very high strength

31
Q

Alloy with high zinc content require what in order to achieve full strength?

A

Thermal treatment

32
Q

What does temper designation T stand for?

A

Solution heat treatment

33
Q

What is the name for this?

A

Artificial age hardening.

34
Q

What does T3 stand for?

A

Solution heat treated followed by strain hardening

35
Q

What does T4 stand for?

A

Solution heat treatment followed by natural age hardening

36
Q

What T6 stand for?

A

Solution heat treatment followed by artificial age hardening

37
Q

What does T36 mean?

A

Solution heat treated but thickness reduced by 5% (by cold rolling)

38
Q

Rivets made of alloys 2017 and 2024 are hard so have to receive what?

A

Several heat treatment so it’s suitable to be used as rivets.

39
Q

Why are the number of solution heat treatments allowed for clad materials limited?

A

Because of the diffusion of core material into the cladding

40
Q

What does the diffusion decrease?

A

Corrosion resistance

41
Q

How many heat treatments is Al clad limited to?

A

3

42
Q

Non heat treatable aluminium are designated in what?

A

1xxx 3xxx 5xxx

43
Q

Non heat treatable alloys can be adjusted by cold what?

A

Rolling and working

44
Q

Alloy 5052 contains 2.5% of what? (5xxx)

A

magnesium

45
Q

It also contains a small amount of what?

A

Chromium

46
Q

What is it called when strength is increased by cold working?

A

Mechanical hardness

47
Q

Strain hardening is also known as what?

A

Cold working or work hardening

48
Q

Strain hardening works a material above or below it’s critical range?

A

Below

49
Q

Strain hardening alters the grain structure and makes the alloy what?

A

Harder

50
Q

What does strain hardening consist of?

A

Pressing, rolling and drawing

51
Q

Hardened designation F means?

A

Fabricated

52
Q

Hardened designation O means?

A

Annealed

53
Q

Hardened designation H means?

A

Strain hardened

54
Q

H1?

A

Strain hardened only

55
Q

H2?

A

Strain hardened and partially annealed

56
Q

H3?

A

Strain hardened and stabilised

57
Q

Hx2?

A

Quarter hard

58
Q

Hx4?

A

Half hard

59
Q

Hx6?

A

Three quarter hard

60
Q

Hx8?

A

Fully hard

61
Q

Fully hard

A

Fully hard

62
Q

What must you ensure when annealing clad aluminium alloys?

A

They must be heated as quickly and as carefully as possible

63
Q

Why must you ensure quickness when annealing clad aluminium alloys?

A

Because the core material can diffuse and mix into the cladding increasing corrosion

64
Q

How is mechanical hardness started?

A

By prolonged operations. It restricts further work

65
Q

A material that has been previously heat treated can be reheated several times for what reason?

A

To relieve interns, stresses

66
Q

What does strain hardening do to the grain structure?

A

It alters it to make the material harder

67
Q

What is solution heat treatment?

A

When an alumiunium alloy is heated so the base material mixes with the alloying element

68
Q

How is solution heat treatment carried out?

A

The material is heated in a salt bath or hot furnace just below its melting point. The temperature is maintained +-5. It is then quenched

69
Q

For large forging, what is essential?

A

Hot water

70
Q

What is the amount of time an alloy can take inbetween
removing the alloy from the furnace and quenching?

A

10 seconds

71
Q

What is spray quenching?

A

Using high velocity water sprays

72
Q

What are the benefits of spray quenching?

A

Alleviates cracking and minimizes distortion

73
Q

Thin metal warps and distorts when quenched so what must you do?

A

Straighten it immediately

74
Q

If a salt bath was used, what must you ensure and why?

A

The salt is washed off because it can corrode

mod 6 (12 decks)

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