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mod 6 > 6.1 ferrous materials > Flashcards

6.1 ferrous materials Flashcards

1
Q

what is a ferrous metal?

A

an alloy that has iron as its main ingredient

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2
Q

what are the properties of iron in the pure state?

A

It is ductile, soft and can be easily formed.

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3
Q

What is a disadvantage of iron?

A

It is heavy

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4
Q

When iron reacts with oxygen, what is it more commonly known as?

A

Iron oxide (rust)

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5
Q

How is pig/cast iron made?

A

the iron ingot is mixed with limewater and coke and passed through hot air to produce carbon monoxide which absorbs oxygen. The limestone forms a slag which floats and is removed.

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6
Q

What properties does pig/cast iron have?

A

It is brittle.

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7
Q

What is the weight to strength ratio of pig/cast iron?

A

It has a low strength to rate ratio.

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8
Q

How is steel created?

A

The pig/cast iron is reheated and pure oxygen is passed through it. Then a controlled amount of carbon is then forced through it.

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9
Q

What are the properties of steel?

A

High density and susceptible to corrosion.

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10
Q

What are the 7 types of strength?

A

Fatigue
Torsional
Tensional
Shear
Flexural
Compressive
Impact

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11
Q

What is Fatigue strength?

A

The ability of a material to withstand repeated loading

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12
Q

What is compressive strength?

A

A materials ability to withstand squeezing or pressing

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13
Q

What is Torsional strength?

A

A materials ability to withstand twisting

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14
Q

What is impact strength?

A

A materials ability to withstand sudden forces and shock.

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15
Q

What is flexural strength?

A

A materials ability to withstand bending

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16
Q

What is shear strength?

A

A materials ability to withstand coplanar stress over a cross section

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17
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

A materials ability to withstand tensional stress.

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18
Q

What is hardness?

A

To resist tearing, penetration or abrasion

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19
Q

What is malleability?

A

To be bent without damage (cracking)

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20
Q

What is ductility?

A

To be drawn into a thin wire

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21
Q

What is brittleness?

A

To crack when stress is applied

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22
Q

What is toughness?

A

To resist tearing

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23
Q

what is conductivity?

A

the property that enables a metal to carry heat or electricity

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24
Q

what is fusibility?

A

ability of metal to be joined by heating and melting

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25
Q

what is density?

A

mass per unit volume

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26
Q

What does carbon allow steel to be?

A

Heat treated

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27
Q

What is the benefit of heat treatment?

A

To increase hardness and strength

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28
Q

What are the disadvantages of adding carbon?

A

It makes steel more brittle and also decreases its weldability.

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29
Q

What percentage is low carbon?

A

0.1%-0.3%

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30
Q

What percentage is medium carbon?

A

0.3%-0.5%

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31
Q

What percentage is high percentage carbon?

A

0.5%-1.05%

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32
Q

What does Sulphur cause steel to be?

A

Brittle

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33
Q

What does silicon cause steel to be?

A

Hard and ductile

34
Q

What does phosphorous cause steel to be?

A

increases yield strength and corrosion resistance in regards to the atmosphere.

35
Q

What does nickel cause steel to be?

A

increases yield strength, hardness and overall strength

36
Q

What does chromium cause steel to be?

A

Adds strength, hardness and corrosion resistance

37
Q

What does molybdenum cause steel to be?

A

Reduces grain size and increases elastic and impact limits. Extremely wear resistant and has great impact strength

38
Q

What does Vanadium cause steel to be when combined with Chromium?

A

Ductile, hard, strong, tough

39
Q

What is another name of stainless steel?

A

CRES

40
Q

What are the three groups Stainless steel are divided into?

A

Ferritic
Austenitic
Martensitic

41
Q

What series are austenitic?

A

200 and 300 series

42
Q

Austenitic stainless steel are non magnetic, but when are they magnetic?

A

When they are cold worked

43
Q

What series are ferritic metals part of?

A

400 series

44
Q

What properties do ferritic metals have?

A

Ductile, malleable and can be easily welded. Non magnetic

45
Q

Are ferritic metals magnetic?

A

no

46
Q

What are martensitic stainless steels relative to?

A

the 400 series

47
Q

What are martensitic stainless steels properties?

A

magnetic, corrosion resistant

48
Q

What is quenching?

A

Rapidly cool a material after heating it

49
Q

What is annealing?

A

Softening the iron to relieve internal stresses

50
Q

What is normalizing?

A

Heating a material above its critical limit and then heat soaking it at that temperatures. Then you allow it to cool naturally.

51
Q

What does normalizing relieve?

A

Internal stresses. (As the carbon is allowed to precipitate out)

52
Q

What is tempering used to do?

A

Soften the steel for use.

53
Q

What does tempering relieve caused by quenching?

A

Internal stresses.

54
Q

What can you use to accurately measure temperature when tempering?

A

Pyrometer or Thermocouple oven

55
Q

What is a less accurate way of measuring the temperature when tempering?

A

Observing the colour

56
Q

Observing the colour

A

Cooler

57
Q

Does blue mean it is hotter or cooler?

A

hotter

58
Q

What is case hardening?

A

When a material is hard on the outside but tough on the inside

59
Q

What are the two types of direct hardening?

A

Flame and induction hardening.

60
Q

In flame hardening, the steel is made of a uniform or different composition throughout?

A

Uniform

61
Q

How do you carry out flame hardening?

A

You heat the steel with an oxy. torch and then quench it with a jet of water.

62
Q

In induction hardening, the whole circumferance of the steel is heated simultaneously by what?

A

Induction coil.

63
Q

As soon as the steel has reached necessary temperature in induction hardening, what happens?

A

The current is switched off and immedietaly quenched by jets of water.

64
Q

Whats the last two digits represent?

A

The carbon content

65
Q

What is iron alloyed with to create steel?

A

Carbon

66
Q

Pure iron is known as what?

A

Ferrite

67
Q

What carbon percentage does ferrite absorb?

A

0.2%

68
Q

What cubic structure does ferrite have?

A

Body centred cubic lattice

69
Q

What cubic structure does austenite have?

A

Face centred cubic lattice

70
Q

What percentage does Austenite absorb?

A

2%

71
Q

What are the properties of cementine?

A

Hard

72
Q

What number is the carbon content of cementite lower than?

A

2%

73
Q

What are the properties of pearlite?

A

Two phased lamella structure

74
Q

What percentage does pearlite absorb?

A

0.8%

75
Q

Steel is hardened by raising or lowering it below its critical temperature?

A

Raising

76
Q

Is Austenite heated above or below its critical temperature?

A

Above

77
Q

Is ferrite heated above or below its critical temperature?

A

Below

78
Q

Is martensite heated above or below its critical temperature? And what action do you take when it’s accomplished

A

Above and is quenched quickly

79
Q

What is quenching?

A

Rapidly cooling a material after heating

80
Q

What does annealing do?

A

Relieve internal stresses and softens the steel

81
Q

Does annealing need to be heated above or below its critical temperature?

A

Above and heat soaked

82
Q

Is normalising heated above or below its critical temperature?

A

Above

mod 6 (12 decks)

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