6.2 Flashcards
How did romes republic collapse
Increasing wealth
Expanding boundaries
Discontent among lower classes of society
Describe the problem with Romes rich and poor
Rich landowners lived on huge estates. Slaves had to work on the estates. The slaves formed 1/3 romes population. Small farmers found it difficult to compete with large eststates. Farmers were soldiers who sold their land to rich and became poor
Who were the two brothers who tried to help rome’s poor and how?
Tiberius and Gaius were tribunes who proposed reforms such as limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor.
Both met violent deaths. Then a civil war followed.
Describe military upheavl
Generals began seizing power for themselves. They recruited soldiers from poor by pro using them land.
Who was Julius Caesar
A military leader who took control of rome.
Who did Caesar Join forces with to create a triumvirate
Crassus a wealthy roman
Pompey a popular general
What did the triumvirate do
Elected a consul
Who was the he consul?
Caesar
What was Caesar the Governor of
Gaul
why was caesar popular
Because his invasion in Gaul
How was caesar appointed dictator
Because pompey was jealous and ordered caesar to come home from gaul. Caesar didnt follow and instead defeated Pompey’ armie
What were Caesar’s reforms
He granted roman citizenship to many people in provinces.
Expanded the senate.
Helped poor by creating jobs especially through construction of new public buildings.
Increased pay for soldiers.
He started colonies
Why were nobles and senators concerned with caesar’s growing power
They feared losing their influence
Considered a tyrant
Who killed caesar
Marcus brutus
Gaius cassius
How was the roman republic destroyed
Civil war broke out after caesars death
Who was in the second triumvirate
three of caesar’s supporters:
Octavian caesar’s grand nephew
Mark Antony experienced general
Lepidus politician
Ruled for ten years
How did the second triumvirate end
Octavian forced lepidus to retire
He and mark antony became rivals
Mark antony met queen cleopatra they fell in love
Octavian accused antony of ruling rome from egypt creating another civil war
Who changed rome into empire ruled by one man
Augustus (octavian)
Define pax romana
Period of peace
Define civil service and who created it
Augustus created it.
He paid workers to manage affairs of government, such as grain supply, tax collection, and the postal system.
Was made of plebeians and former slaves they administered the empire.
Why even after agustus’ death did his government system last
Effectiveness of civil service
Why was agriculture the most important industry
Everything depended on it
Silver coin used in agustus time
Denarius
Define gravitas
Strength and discipline
