6.1 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the definition of prokaryote?
Unicellular organisms that don’t contain a membrane-bound nucleus, or other membrane-bound organelles.
What is the definition of eukaryote?
A multicellular organism with a defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
What is the structure of plant cells?
Plants have both a cell wall and a cell membrane that provide structural support and control what comes in and out. Plants also have organelles and cytoplasm that help protect them, and help with their cells’ processes. Their enzymes are stored in their vacuole.
What is the structure of animal cells?
Animals contain the cell membrane, which controls what comes in and out, cytoplasm, and cell organelles. The cytoplasm and organelles help protect animals, and help with their cells’ processes. Their enzymes are stored in lysosomes.
What is the structure of bacteria cells?
Bacteria cells contain a cell membrane as well. This controls what comes in and out. They can have 1 layer, or 2 layers. They also have cytoplasm. Their enzymes are stored in the cytoplasm.
Please explain the differences between the structures of plants, animals, and bacteria.
Plants have a cell wall while bacteria and animals just have the membrane. Plants have their enzymes stored in their vacuole, animals in their lysosomes, and bacteria in their cytoplasm.
Please explain the similarities between the structures of plants, animals, and bacteria.
They each have the cell membrane, which controls what comes in and out, and cytoplasm. Waste exits through the cell membrane. They all have digestive enzymes.
Please explain the benefits of the cell plans for animals and plants (eukaryotes.
Their DNA and RNA are protected due to the presence of nuclear material. They have compartmentalization in the form of organelles.
Please explain the benefits of the cell plans for bacteria (prokaryotes).
Their processes are more simple and require less resources and energy. They have quick reproduction and adapt to new/extreme environments easily.
Please explain how each cell takes care of waste.
Animals and plants (eukaryotes) - Digestive enzymes break them up into smaller molecules. They can be used for energy. Small ones exit through the cell membrane. Some move out through proteins. In animals, enzymes are stored in lysosomes, and in plants they’re stored in the vacuole.
Bacteria (prokaryotes): Enzymes break down proteins/molecules into smaller pieces. They can be used for energy. Enzymes are stored in the cytoplasm. Some exit through the cell membrane.
Please explain how each cell serves as a container.
Plants and animals (eukaryotes): The cell membrane (and cell wall, which provides structural support, in plants) separates the cell from the outside world. They control what comes in and out. Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide can travel through the cell membrane Nutrients move through proteins. Cells have membranes inside. They also have smaller compartments with different stuff inside, and take care of different jobs.
Bacteria (prokaryotes): The cell membrane is a barrier. Some have 1 layer or 2 layers. The cell membrane helps control what comes in and out. The remainder of the process is just like plants and animals (eukaryotes).
Please explain how each cell contains a set of instructions.
Plants and animals (eukaryotes): In the nucleus, DNA holds all of the information for building a living being. Genes are instructions building all the molecules that take care of the work of the cell. DNA holds the info to copy themselves and pass on the instructions to make more cells.
Bacteria (prokaryotes): Not in a nucleus, DNA holds the info. Genes are the instructions. DNA copies themselves and passes instructions to make cells.
Please explain how each cell reads a set of instructions.
Animals and plants (eukaryotes): The cell makes a copy, then the copy joins with ribosomes. Some proteins are made in the cytoplasm. The ribosome decodes the message. The cell goes to the cytoskeleton, and then the ER. A vesicle takes them to the golgi, then to their job.
Bacteria (prokaryotes): The cell makes a copy, and the copy joins with the ribosome. The ribosome decodes the message, then the cell joins the cytoskeleton while other go to different places.
Please explain how each sell collects and uses energy.
Plants and animals (eukaryotes): Cells collect energy from the ATP molecule. ATP carries small doses of energy throughout the cell that can be released quickly. Each cell makes their own. To make ATP, cells take in sugars and fat (or sunlight and carbon dioxide and turn that into sugar in plants. Proteins take care of them and transfer the energy for ATP.
Bacteria (prokaryotes): Cells get their energy from ATP. ATP carries stored energy throughout the cell that can be quickly released. Each cell makes their own. Some similar to animals, other similar to plants.
What is the word for the following definition: Unicellular organisms that don’t contain a membrane-bound nucleus, or other membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryote.
