6.1 Ethics and deviance in sport Flashcards
What are ethics
rules that dictate an individuals conduct.
They form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on
What is deviance
a word that describes unacceptable behaviour within a culture.
Definition of violence
intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or groups - can cause injury
What is blood doping and what does it do for performance
the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase ones red blood cell count
allows extra oxygen to be transposed to working muscles, resulting in a higher level of performance
What does blood doping involve
removing 2 pints of athletes blood several weeks prior to competition
blood is then frozen until 1-2 days before the competition, when it is thawed and injected back into the athlete
When is sports is blood doping most used by athletes
endurance athletes
eg cyclists, distance runners
Examples of performance-enhancing drugs
anabolic steroids
beta blockers
stimulants
Definition of violence
intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or groups of individuals and can cause injury or death
What is deindivuation
when you lose your sense of being an individual; this can causs violent behaviour
Definition of match fixing
when a sport competition is played to a completely to partly pre-determined result
This is against the law
Match fixing requires contracts to be made between corrupt players, coaches and team officials
Examples of drugs and doping in sport
us cyclist Lance Armstrong
Side effects of blood doping
increased blood viscosity
risk of heart attack
infections and diseases
Evaluation of illegal drug and blood doping in sport
results in dramatic improvement in performance or shorten recovery recovery in training and between competitions
however, by taking these substances that performer is breaking the law and potentially putting their health at severe risk
No punishment of legal supplements - where as being caught taking illegal ones is increasingly more severe
Advantages of legal supplements
Dietary supplements are used in addition to a normal diet to improve general health and well-being or to enhance sporting performance
Supplements can include sports drinks or vitamins- can help increase stamina, build muscle etc
dietary supplements can be found in tablet, powder or liquid form
What are ergogenic aids
external influences that are intended to improve athletic perfromance
Disadvantages of taking legal supplements
long-term health effects of some supplements
energy drinks can be extremely high in sugar- lead to tooth decay or obesity
What is the philosophical argument against taking supplements
it is not the spirit of fair play because not all performers have access to such supplements- cost may beyond their reach
some argue that just living a healthy and balanced diet and training would create an “even playing field”
Reasons why elite performers use illegal drugs and doping
Pressure to succeed- from coaches, etc - which can affect decision making
—-make them do anything to win
political pressures- politicians want to see nation succeed- adds pressure- to use whatever means at their disposal to win
the monetary rewards today are so substancial for winning high-profile sports competition- that it motivates performers to do whatever it takes
some think “everyone else is taking them so why shouldn’t i?” - become a norm
When was the state-sponsored doping regime in and what olympics did Germany use doping in
1976 Montreal olympics
1980 Moscow games
Consequences and implications of drugs and doping in sport
Bans to sport
ruined reputation
Strategies to stop use of illegal drugs and doping in sport
Drug tests- an athlete can be called for a drug test at any time
during competition some sports carry out drug testing on winning team or top three competitors
Educate coaches and athletes about blood doping- on laws and risks to it
Create and reinforce a culture of keeping sport free from drug cheats- if it puts people at risk less likely to want to do it
punishments./bans for athletes to be more rigorous and longer lasting.
What is the definition of violence
intense physical force that is directed towards harming another individual or groups of individuals and can cause injury or death
Cause of violence in sport
‘win at all costs mentality’ - makes desire to win overwhelming- lead to aggressive or violent conduct
some sports attract more violence then others- because of nature of sport
high levels of competition
use of drugs or illegal supplements or alcohol
rivalries between groups
spectator pressure
What is deindividuation
when you lose your sense of being an individual- this can cause violent behaviour
How to tackle violence in sports
educate performers on how to control emotions
have more discipline and punishment for violent acts
change sport rules to make less violent
What is match fixing
when a sports competition is played to a completely or partly pre-determined result
Against the law
Match fixing requires contacts to be made between corrupt players, coaches and team officals
Why do people bet/gamble on sport
outcome is meant to be unpredictable
makes it exiting for people to watch
What is Spot fixing
when a specific aspect of a sports competition is illegally pre-determined
How many cases of alleged max fixing occurred in 2010-2011 in the UK and what sports accounted for the most allegations
50
horse racing, football and snooker
Sportsmanship
conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport
What are alcohol/ drugs
cause- can affect spectators behaviour
heighten aggression
eg football fans
Rivalries
groups of supporters can lead to hooliganism which leads to violence
What is deindividuation
in a group, individual spectators lose sense of responsibility for their actions
How can media increase aggression
increase and reinforce rivalries
cause fights
What can frustration lead to
poor performance or decision from officials can lead to frustration and violence
How does violence mirror society
if society is violent, sport will reflect that violence
What is domestic violence and what caused it to increase in 2010
violence at home
increased during world cup
Which of the following is NOT a reason for taking drugs during sport
a- poor role models
b-a win at all costs attitude
c-lack of motivation
d- no effective deterrents ie regular testing
C- lack of motivation
A snooker player is feeling nervous before a semi-final match. They have been told that they can be given something to calm them down. What might they be given?
Beta Blockers
Which of these is not a way to combat football hooliganism
early kick offs
improved security
encouraging fans to mix
alchohol restrictions
encouraging fans to mix
What are all the reasons for violence in sport
home field advantage
frustration with decisions from officials
emotional intensity of sport
pre-match build up
frustration with decisions from officials
emotional intensity of sport
pre-match build up
True or false- A cyclists red blood cells would decrease following an intake of EPO and this may be detected during a test
False
True or false- Gambling is an act of deviance
False
