6.1 Emergence And Evolution Of Modern Sport Flashcards
What is social
Our community
What is cultural
The set of beliefs and customs that lead us to behave in a particular way
What is Mob football
A mass game with very few rules which was played only occasionally in,or between villages. (Football/rugby type games)
What is cock fighting
14-foot square pit with fence.
Upper class sport
Gambling involved
a game played by the upper class which involved animal cruelty and a lot of gambling
What is social class
A group defined by their status within a community or population.
Class is defined by economic success,as well as family background, friends and education level
What is pedestrianism
A form of nineteenth-century competitive walking
Social class in pre-industrial Britain?
Upper class - aristocracy or gentry
Lower/peasant class- worked manually on land
What activities were for the peasant class in pre-industrial Britan
Mob football
Dog fighting
Often violent and few rules
What activities were for upper class in pre-industrial Britan
Real tennis
Fox hunting
More sophisticated and more rules
What activities were for both classes in pre-industrial Britan
Cricket
Pedestrianism
Lower class would compete and upper class would be patrons and sponsor
What is pedestrianism
a competitive walking race
What is an amateur
A person who competes in sport activities but does not receive any monetary reward for participating
What is a professional
A person who competes in sports activities and earns and income by participating
What was gender like in sports in pre-industrial Britan
Women seen as weaker sex -
Activities couldn’t be strenuous or dangerous
Might take part in a smock race (lower)
Archery(upper)
What was law and order like in this pre-industrial Britain
Little formal law and order
Peasant class involved in violent activities such as bare knuckle fighting.
What was education like in pre-industrial Britain
Upper class = educated and literate
Lower class = illiterate and uneducated
How did availability of time effect sport in the pre industrial briatain
Lower class worked long & exhausting hours on land so they had no interest in sport. Activities only took place on holy days .
Upper class had more time so could participate
How did availability of money effect sport in pre-industrial Britain
Upper class had more money so had opportunities to get involved
Lower class had limited money so could not participate
How did type and availability of transport effect pre-industrial Britain
Mainly horse and cart or walk
Roads were appealing
However upper class had more opportunities to travel so they could travel to facilities
What was social class like in post-1850 Britain
During the 19th century
Middle class evolved
Development of public schools
What is a public school
A place of education of old standing which the sons of gentlemen traditionally attended in large numbers and continued to attend from 8-18 years of age
What was gender like in sports in post-1850 Britain
Had limited opportunity
Women expected to marry and have kids
Schooling limited for girls
Women allowed to be teachers
How did the status of women change in post-1850 Britain
High mortality of boys meant women had to step in when men were away at war
What was law and order like in post-1850 Britain
More defined laws
Decline of blood sports
Upper class held onto sports
What was education and literacy like in post-1850 Britain
National system of education came into Britain
What was the education act of 1870
Forster act - beginning of modern system of education
What was the education act of 1891
Elementary education became free
How did availability of time and money affect sport in post-1850 Britain
Factory owners realised sport could keep workers healthy and loyal
More leisure time= more time for sport
Saturday half day allowed them to play sport
How did type and availability of transportation affect sport in post-1850 Britain
Railways allowed fixtures to be played
Cars began to be produced
How did mob football develop?
It was played between villages during celebrations, it was violent people barricade their homes during the games
many theories -one is that it could be a pagan ritual in which ball represented the sun had to be captured ensuring a good harvest.
What was the influence of public schools?
-Middle classes were very important in developing sport.
-The schools were only for males.
-Influential in developing rules and governing bodies of sport activities
Influenced the forerunners of sport we know today
What were public schools like in the beginning of the nineteenth century?
-Sport was not a feature in public schools
-Parents were concerned about the treatment of their boys - prefect-fagging system- bullied younger boys brutal.
Who is Thomas Arnold?
Headmaster of Rugby school
What did Thomas Arnold change in Rugby school?
He promoted more regulated sports
House system
Idea of muscular christianity
Athleticism
What is muscular christianity
ideology that promotes engagement in athletics as an expression of Christian ethical values and masculinity
How did public school boys spread sports around?
Took their games to university, church, army, parents, teachers, politicians, industrialists
How social factors shaped sport in the twentieth century?
-Industrial revolution and scientific discoveries- progress in disease and knowledge about the body
Communications technology improved- sport rapidly spread and pastimes became more globalised
more time for leisure, therfore more sports participation
What was sport, gender, law and order and class like in the twentieth century
Most cruel sports disappeared, most games had formal rules.
-spectators had to pay to watch and boxing wore gloves. some sports wore numbers on their backs.
-teams and spectators were able to travel to watch and play matches.
Pub was centre of sporting activities for working class men.
participation of women participation in sport had fallen drastically.
clubs could afford to play players
more purpose built facilities
What was education like in 20th century Britain
Education act 1944 - Butler Act- “The spiritual, mental and physical development of the community”
1965- Introduction of comprehensive schools-
before comprehensive schools there were- Grammar schools, secondary schools, secondary technics
What was the changing nature of social class in the twentieth century?
Wa still a feature and still influenced the sports activities
What was the availability of time, money and space like in the twentieth century
Gradual increase in leisure time and money
Money = more darts etc in pubs
sports space was premium
What was transport like in the twentieth century?
More available to everyone
increase in international participation or play
Characteristics that have shaped sport
social class
gender
education
availability of time and money
transport
What is athleticism
a combination of physical endeavour or trying hard, and moral integrity, or being honourable, truthful and showing good sportsman ship
