6.1 Emergence And Evolution Of Modern Sport

Question 1

What is social

Answer 1

Our community

Question 2

What is cultural

Answer 2

The set of beliefs and customs that lead us to behave in a particular way

Question 3

What is Mob football

Answer 3

A mass game with very few rules which was played only occasionally in,or between villages. (Football/rugby type games)

Question 4

What is cock fighting

Answer 4

14-foot square pit with fence.
Upper class sport
Gambling involved

Question 5

What is social class

Answer 5

A group defined by their status within a community or population.

Class is defined by economic success,as well as family background, friends and education level

Question 6

What is pedestrianism

Answer 6

A form of nineteenth-century competitive walking

Question 7

Social class in pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 7

Upper class - aristocracy or gentry
Lower/peasant class- worked manually on land

Question 8

What activities were for the peasant class in pre-industrial Britan

Answer 8

Mob football
Dog fighting
Often violent and few rules

Question 9

What activities were for upper class in pre-industrial Britan

Answer 9

Real tennis
Fox hunting
More sophisticated and more rules

Question 10

What activities were for both classes in pre-industrial Britan

Answer 10

Cricket
Pedestrianism

Lower class would compete and upper class would be patrons and sponsor

Question 11

What is an amateur

Answer 11

A person who competes in sport activities but does not receive any monetary reward for participating

Question 12

What is a professional

Answer 12

A person who competes in sports activities and earns and income by participating

Question 13

What was gender like in sports in pre-industrial Britan

Answer 13

Women seen as weaker sex -
Activities couldn’t be strenuous or dangerous
Might take part in a smock race (lower)
Archery(upper)

Question 14

What was law and order like in this pre-industrial Britain

Answer 14

Little formal law and order
Peasant class involved in violent activities such as bare knuckle fighting.

Question 15

What was education like in pre-industrial Britain

Answer 15

Upper class = educated and literate
Lower class = illiterate and uneducated

Question 16

How did availability of time effect sport in the pre industrial briatain

Answer 16

Lower class worked long & exhausting hours on land so they had no interest in sport. Activities only took place on holy days .

Upper class had more time so could participate

Question 17

How did availability of money effect sport in pre-industrial Britain

Answer 17

Upper class had more money so had opportunities to get involved

Lower class had limited money so could not participate

Question 18

How did type and availability of transport effect pre-industrial Britain

Answer 18

Mainly horse and cart or walk
Roads were appealing

However upper class had more opportunities to travel so they could travel to facilities

Question 19

What was social class like in post-1850 Britain

Answer 19

During the 19th century
Middle class evolved
Development of public schools

Question 20

What is a public school

Answer 20

A place of education of old standing which the sons of gentlemen traditionally attended in large numbers and continued to attend from 8-18 years of age

Question 21

What was gender like in sports in post-1850 Britain

Answer 21

Had limited opportunity
Women expected to marry and have kids
Schooling limited for girls
Women allowed to be teachers

Question 22

How did the status of women change in post-1850 Britain

Answer 22

High mortality of boys meant women had to step in when men were away at war

Question 23

What was law and order like in post-1850 Britain

Answer 23

More defined laws
Decline of blood sports
Upper class held onto sports

Question 24

What was education and literacy like in post-1850 Britain

Answer 24

National system of education came into Britain

Question 25

What was the education act of 1870

Answer 25

Forster act - beginning of modern system of education

Question 26

What was the education act of 1891

Answer 26

Elementary education became free

Question 27

How did availability of time and money affect sport in post-1850 Britain

Answer 27

Factory owners realised sport could keep workers healthy and loyal

More leisure time= more time for sport

Saturday half day allowed them to play sport

Question 28

How did type and availability of transportation affect sport in post-1850 Britain

Answer 28

Railways allowed fixtures to be played
Cars began to be produced

Question 29

How did mob football develop?

Answer 29

It was played between villages during celebrations, it was violent people barricade their homes during the games

many theories -one is that it could be a pagan ritual in which ball represented the sun had to be captured ensuring a good harvest.

Question 30

What was the influence of public schools?

Answer 30

-Middle classes were very important in developing sport.
-The schools were only for males.
-Influential in developing rules and governing bodies of sport activities
Influenced the forerunners of sport we know today

Question 31

What were public schools like in the beginning of the nineteenth century?

Answer 31

-Sport was not a feature in public schools
-Parents were concerned about the treatment of their boys - prefect-fagging system- bullied younger boys brutal.

Question 32

Who is Thomas Arnold?

Answer 32

Headmaster of Rugby school

Question 33

What did Thomas Arnold change in Rugby school?

Answer 33

He promoted more regulated sports
House system
Idea of muscular christianity
Athleticism

Question 34

How did public school boys spread sports around?

Answer 34

Took their games to university, church, army, parents, teachers, politicians, industrialists

Question 35

How social factors shaped sport in the twentieth century?

Answer 35

-Industrial revolution and scientific discoveries- progress in disease and knowledge about the body

Communications technology improved- sport rapidly spread and pastimes became more globalised

more time for leisure, therfore more sports participation

Question 36

What was sport, gender, law and order and class like in the twentieth century

Answer 36

Most cruel sports disappeared, most games had formal rules.
-spectators had to pay to watch and boxing wore gloves. some sports wore numbers on their backs.

-teams and spectators were able to travel to watch and play matches.

Pub was centre of sporting activities for working class men.

participation of women participation in sport had fallen drastically.

clubs could afford to play players

more purpose built facilities

Question 37

What was education like in 20th century Britain

Answer 37

Education act 1944 - Butler Act- “The spiritual, mental and physical development of the community”

1965- Introduction of comprehensive schools-

before comprehensive schools there were- Grammar schools, secondary schools, secondary technics

Question 37

What was the changing nature of social class in the twentieth century?

Answer 37

Wa still a feature and still influenced the sports activities

Question 38

What was the availability of time, money and space like in the twentieth century

Answer 38

Gradual increase in leisure time and money

Money = more darts etc in pubs

sports space was premium

Question 39

What was transport like in the twentieth century?

Answer 39

More available to everyone
increase in international participation or play