6.1 Engagement patterns Flashcards
Engagement patterns; Gender
During the growth in sport and physical development, women’s participation has been affected by a range of stereotypical views which include:
Women lack the strength or endurance to do the same range of sports or physical activities as men.
Women who are competitive are not being feminine.
Too much physical activity limits a women’s ability to give birth.
Women who train hard and develop muscles become more ‘male-like’ and have their sexual orientation questioned.
A woman’s role is to be the carer, mother and manager of the home and this prevents involvement in sport.
Engagement patterns; ethnicity
An ethnic group is a group of people who share common origins including race, religion or culture.
Some racial stereotypes state that people of certain races are more physiologically suited to some sports due to their genotype, but this idea does not fit with scientific evidence, or with all of the differences in engagement patterns between groups.
Engagement patterns; young age
Young children may not be confident in physical activities due to a lack of coordination and motor skills.
Access to certain sports may depend on school sports facilities or school traditions.
Parent or teacher preferences may mean that some sports are more familiar to young people than others; people are more likely to participate in familiar sports.
Physical abilities of teenagers change during adolescence due to growth spurts; this may affect confidence.
Teenage participation in sports can also be affected by issues around changes in appearance and peer pressure.
Engagement patterns; working age
Less access to sports than students
Leisure time may be limited by work
Available leisure time may be taken up by family commitments
During menopause women experience many changes in their bodies which may affect their ability to partake in sports
Engagement patterns; old age
Weight change
Reduced flexibility
Decrease in physical strength
Media coverage of sports shows younger people participating in sports and may discriminate against older sportspeople
Engagement patterns; family
Family and friends can have a positive or negative influence on participation in sports.
Positive influence may come from family members or friends that show support for a participant’s chosen sport, such as:
Attending matches
Providing emotional support
Making financial contributions
Providing transport
Participating in the same sport
Negative influences might include:
Other family commitments, such as the activities of siblings, may clash with sporting events
A family may prioritise other events that are not sport related
There may be peer pressure to be involved in a particular activity or not
Engagement patterns; peers
Peer groups can influence how much an individual participates.
A lot of people like to follow the crowd. If all of your friends play a sport, then there is a good chance that you will play with them too.
Following the crowd or stereotypical attitudes could also have the opposite effect and discourage you from a particular activity.
Engagement patterns; disability
A person with a disability has some form of impairment, which affects their ability to take part In an activity.
There are three types of disabilities; mobility, sensory and mental impairments.
Integration - When disabled and non-disabled performers are able to compete together. Advantages include; Reduces possibilities of discrimination, less stereotyping and fewer barriers.
Adapted sports - sports that have been changed so that people with a physical disability can perform alongside individuals who don’t have a physical disability.
Barriers to participation; attitudes
The way in which a person views and evaluates something or someone. Attitudes determine whether people like or dislike things – and therefore how they behave towards them.
Barriers to participation; role models
Role models are people looked up to by others as inspiration and an example to be imitated.
Barriers to participation; accessibility
Accessibility is the availability of facilities and equipment to participate in a sport.
Barriers to participation; media coverage
Media coverage refers to the attention and exposure received by a person, brand, event, or topic in various forms of media, including print, broadcast, and digital platforms.
Barriers to participation; stereotyping
A stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Barriers to participation; culture
Culture is the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of particular people or society.
Barriers to participation; family commitments
Family commitments refer to the societal and personal responsibilities that impact lifestyle choices.
Barriers to participation; leisure time
Leisure is time free from obligations, work, and tasks required for existing.
Barriers to participation; familiarity
Familiarity refers to a close acquaintance with or knowledge of something.
Barriers to participation; education
Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.
Barriers to participation; disposable income
Disposable income is income remaining after deduction of taxes and social security charges, available to be spent or saved as one wishes.
Barriers to participation; inclusiveness
The practice or policy of providing equal access to opportunities and resources for people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized
