6.1 Childhood Immunisations Flashcards
How is vaccine effectiveness measured?
Antibodies
Epidemiological assessment
How is vaccine safety carried out?
Animal trials
Human trials
Post marketing surveillance
What is done in efficacy monitoring?
Ensure the biologicals in vaccines are correct
What is herd immunity?
When are a large proportion of the population are immunised
Protects more at risk people :
- Infants that are too young for vaccination
- Older people
- Immunosuppressed
What is the benefit of vaccination?
Limits antibiotic resistance by preventing disease
Identify 5 key general features about vaccination
- Safe
- Prevents deadly illness
- Provides better immunity than natural infection
- Can have combined vaccination
- Disease prevalence increases with reduced vaccine uptake
What are the benefits of immunisation?
- Economic benefit- people not ill as much
- Reduced healthcare system burden
- More time spent in school
- Decreased antibiotic resistance
Who sets out vaccine policy and guidance in the UK?
JCVI
The Green Book
Where would you find information on childhood vaccinations?
NHS website
Government website
What is vaccine hesistancy?
Delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability
Includes factors such as complacency, convenience and confidence
How do you limit vaccine hesistancy?
- Understand specific concerns
- Stay on message and use clear language to present evidence of benfits and risks
- Inform about the rigour of vaccine safety
- Address issues of pain with immunisation
- Address issue that natural disease is better than being vaccinated
