1.1 Child Safeguarding and Child Death Reviews Flashcards
What is child abuse?
- Maltreatment of a child (<18years old)
- Infliction of harm
- Failing to act to prevent harm
What is significant harm?
Ill-treatment or impairment of health or devlopment
Legal justification for intervention in family life
What are the 4 categories of child abuse?
Neglect
Physical
-Including FII (fabricated induced illness)
-Including FGM
Sexual
Emotional
What is neglect?
Persistent failure to meet a child’s basic physical and/ or psychological needs
Likely to result in serious impairment of child’s health or development
When can neglect begin?
May occur during pregnancy due to substance abuse
What are some examples of neglect?
Failure to:
* Provide adequate food, clothing, shelter (including exclusion from home or abandoment)
* Protect a child from physical and emotional harm or danger
* Ensure adequate supervision (including inadequate care-givers)
* Ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment
* Unresponsiveness to a child or young person’s basic emotional needs
What should you put on a child’s patient record if they do not attend
WAS NOT BROUGHT
Did not attend suggests its the child’s fault
Recurrent was not brought can be an indication of neglect
What would be on a history of neglect?
- Recurrent non-attendance at appointments/non-adherence to medication
- Missed routine screening/immunisations
- Faltering growth
- Delay in development
- Recurrent infestations/infections/injuries
- Poor school attendance
- History of injury suggesting inappropriate supervision
What would you find on examination of a child with neglect?
- Poor nutritional status/poor growth
- Dental decay
- Signs of recurrent/chronic infection or infestation
- Dirty/unkempt/smelly
What can physical abuse involve?
- Hitting
- Shaking
- Throwing
- Poisoning
- Burning or scalding
- Drowning
- Suffocating
- Fabrication of symptoms in child or deliberately induces illness/symptoms in child
What history would be indicative of physical abuse?
- Lack of or inadequate explanation for injury
- Delay in seeking medical attention / inappropriate response
- Inconsistent accounts
- Presence of multiple risk factors/Child or family known to Social
Care - Direct disclosure
What examination findings would suggest physical abuse?
- Unexplained bruising in vulnerable child
- Unexplained fractures/burns/scalds/head injury
- Patterns : implement/ sparing/bites
- Injury not consistent with history/ developmental age
What is sexual abuse?
Forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities
May involve physical contact (including assault by penetration or non-penetrative acts)
May be non-contact activities, children looking at or producing sexual images, watching sexual activities or encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways, grooming
What is child sexual exploitation?
Individual or group takes advantage to coerce, manipulate or decieve child into sexual activity
In exchance for something the victim needs/wants
For financial advantage of perpetrator
May appear consensual, does not always involve physical contact, can occur through use of technology
What signs on a history would indicate sexual abuse/CSE?
- Disclosure
- Pregnancy
- Signs of sexual activity under 13
- STIs
- Anogenital injury/unexplained bleeding
- Recurrent vaginal discharge
- Soiling/ wetting
- Behavioural change
Picture showing consequences of adverse childhood exposures
