3.2 Men's Health Flashcards
What is the leading cause for death in men?
Ischaemic heart disease
Especially between 50-64, 3x more likely than women
What is the leading cause of death in younger men?
Suicide, including injury and poisoning of undetermined intent
10-34 and 35-49
What is the likelihood of suicide in men vs women to comit suicide?
Men are 3 more likely to die of suicide
45-49 have highest suicide risk
50-54 have highest suicide rate
Outline the trends of health seeking in men
Less likel to visit GP when ill, except very late years of life
Men tend to present at later illness stage or when disease has reached more critical stages
Men less likely to present with mental health concerns
Less likely to attend cancer screenings
Why don’t men talk about their mental health?
Learned to deal with it
Don’t want to be a burden
Embarssment
Negative stigma
Don’t want to admit they need support
Don’t want to appear weak
Have no-one to talk to
What are the biggest causes of mental health issues in men?
Work pressure
Financial issues
Their health
What are the risk factors of men’s mental health?
Societal expectations of masculinity
Stress
Substance abuse
Trauma- physical or sexual abuse
Relationship breakdowns
Lack of social support
Socio-economic- unemployment
Mid-life- experience greater unhappiness than younger and older people
What are the common symptoms of depression in men?
Anger and agitation
Recklessness
Substance abuse
Working obsessively
Core symptoms of depression
What are the physical symptoms of depression?
More common in men than women
Headaches
Shortness of breath
Common causes of depression in men
Difficult life events
Family or personal history
Abuse
Personality traits
Physical health issues
What are the common symptoms of anxiety in men?
Alcohol abuse
Drug abuse
Difficulty sleeping
Core anxiety symptoms
Men more likely to self-medicate with alcohol or drugs
What are the common causes of anxiety in men?
Genes
Traumatic experience
High stress
Health problems
Lifestyle factors
How can men’s mental health be improved?
Raising awareness
- To reduce stigma
Addressing societal expectations of masculinity
- Reduces pressure men feel
Improving access to mental health services
Promoting healthy coping mechanisms
- Exercise
- Meditation
- Hobbies
Developing targeted interventions
- For men at high risk of poor mental health outcomes
Understanding that men can present with different
symptoms to women
- Such as aggressive or violent
behavior.
CVD men vs women
Men generalyl develop CVD at a younger age and have higher risk of CHD than women
Mortality from CHD and stroke remain higher in men than women until old age
How can CVD risk be assessed?
QRISK3
What are the main things QRISK3 takes into account
Age (25-84)
Sex
Ethnicity
Smoking status
Diabetes
BMI
SBP
Cholesterol
Postcode
What is QRISK?
Asses how likely someone is to have a major cardiovascular event in the next 10 years
What else can be used to assess CVD risk?
Waist measurement
37 < inches, high risk
40 < inches, very high risk
What is NICE guidance on using QRISK?
Always offer lifestyle advice irrespective of score:
- Smoking cessation
- Weight loss
- Healthy diet
- Alcohol
- Active
Statin should be offered if greater than 10% risk or if lifestyle not worked
What are some causes of erectile dysfunction?
Physical
- Atherosclerosis
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Alcohol
- Spinal cord injury
- Medication
- Prostate gland surgery
Psychological
- Stress/anxiety
- Depression
- Relationship conflict
- Sexual boredom
- Unresolved sexual orientation
How can erectile dysfunction be managed?
Non-medication route
- CVD screening, modify risk factors if present, closely associated with ED
- Therapy
Medication route
- Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors e.g. Sildenafil (viagra)
- Vacuum erection devices
When can PDE5 inhibitors not be given?
Patients recieving nitrate preparations
Can cause headaches and flushing
What is the second line treatment of ED?
Intracavernous Alprostadil (synthetic prostaglandin EI analogue) injection
or
Intraurethra Alprostadil
What is the third linfe treatment of ED?
Penile prosthese
