6.1 Child Development Flashcards
What is attachment theory?
A theory developed to understand the relationship between an infant and their primary care giver.
What behaviours are infants predisposed to show?
Proximity seeking behaviour
Contact maintaining behaviour
Why is secure attachment important when growing up?
Ensure better social competence, peer relations, self reliance and mental health
When is the critical period for developing attachments?
First year of life
What were the results of the ‘strange situation’ test?
When mother leaves, the baby starts immediately crying. Baby only stops crying hen mother returns
What is the level of social development at:
i. ) 6 weeks
ii. ) 3 months
iii. ) 7-8 months
i. ) Social smile
ii. ) Distinguish strangers and non-strangers
iii. ) Specific attachment forms
What behaviour is noticed if a child has insecure attachments?
Avoidant, ambivalent (always upset), disorganised (difficulty coping with mother’s return)
How does secure attachment affect the carer?
Sensitive to child’s signals
Carer has higher self esteem
Rapid response from carer
What behaviour can be seen in children when there is absent attachment?
Bedwetting, clingy, anxiety, aggression
Describe some effects of being separated from the primary care giver
Limited understanding of situation
Feel abandoned
Feel pain worse
Suffer from stress
List some criticisms of the attachment theory
Too simplistic
Overly focussed on parents
Multiple attachments are possible
What improvements have been made in care services based on the attachment theory?
Continuity of staff
Allowing carer access to the patient
Stimulating toys
Allow attachment objects
What ages are in the sensorimotor phase?
0-2 years old
What is meant by the sensorimotor phase?
Experience world through senses and develop motor co-ordination. Have no abstract concepts.
Understand where their body ends
Understand that objects are still present even when not in sight at 8 months
What ages are in the pre-operational phase of development?
2-7 years
What is meant by the pre-operational phase?
Language development Symbolic thought Imagination develops Little empathy Lack conversation ability Classify objects by a single feature
What ages are in the concrete operational stage of development?
7-12 years
What is meant by the concrete operational stage of development?
Think logically
Can classify objects by many features
Have empathy
What ages are in the formal operational stage of development?
12+ years
What is meant by the formal operational stage of development?
Have abstract logic
Can work things out based on logic
What is the cognitive childhood development theory?
A child develops through 4 stages
What are some criticisms of the cognitive childhood theory?
Focusses on what a child cannot do rather than what they can do
Information may not be given to a child who can comprehend it as they are further than the model predicts
What is Vygotsky’s theory of social development?
Theory that cognitive development requires social interaction. Children learn through shared problem solving
