3.1 Stress Flashcards
Why can long-term stress be harmful?
Causes the body to become exhausted
How does the ‘Transactional Model of Stress’ measure stress?
It accounts for the differences of the stress response between individuals and the effects of stress in the absence of a direct threat. It also accounts for a personal changes in perceptions to a certain stress.
With regard to stress, what is meant by a ‘primary appraisal’?
Is this a threat?
How bad is the threat?
With regard to stress, what is meant by a ‘secondary appraisal’?
Do I have the resources to cope with the stressor?
With regard to stress, what is meant by a ‘reappraisal’?
Reconsider the situation once having tried to cope with it (may become more/less stressful that originally thought)
How does the effectiveness of the immune system change with stress over time?
Short term- up regulated to resist damage and infection
Long term- depressed immune function, inflammation due to high cortisol
What effects does stress have on mental health?
Thinking becomes more rigid and extreme
Prone to overgeneralising, catastrophising, personalisation and rumination (repeatably thinking of bad events)
List some cognitive stress warning signs and give ways to manage them
Signs: memory problems, poor judgement, can’t concentrate
Managing: Hypothesis testing, cognitive restructuring
List some emotional stress warning signs and give ways to manage them
Signs: moodiness, loneliness, depression, agitation
Management: counselling, social support
List some physical stress warning signs and give ways to manage them
Signs: aches, nausea, chest pain, colds, diarrhoea
Management: relaxation training, exercise
List some behavioural stress warning signs and give ways to manage them
Signs: eating more/less, sleeping more/less, drug/alcohol abuse
Management: skills training, time management, social help
List 3 physiological changes to stress
Increased O2 availability
Enhanced mental functioning
Conservation of energy resources
Preparation for tissue damage
