6.1 Flashcards
What is metabolism?
The chemical processes that maintain life, allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures and respond to their environments
2 groups of metabolism chemical reactions
1) Reactions that break down organic matter
2) Reactions that build up complex molecules
What are enzymes?
Chemicals that speed up the rate of reaction without being used up in the process.
What is the substrate?
The molecule that is going to be changed by a chemical reaction involving an enzyme
How does the body receive nutrients?
Through the reaction of chemical digestion , they are progressively broken down , so that when the food reaches the small intestine, it is in the form of simple chemical substances.
What is carbohydrates broken down into?
Glucose
What is proteins broken down into?
Amino acids
What is lipids (fats and oils) broken down into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is diffussion?
Is the movement of particles of a substance from an area of high concentration (lots of them) to an area of low concentration
( not much at all ) of that substance.
What machine is used to give the heart a jolt of electric current in an attempt to restore a natural heartbeat?
Defibrillator
Changes to heart rate?
The rate at which your heart beats changes according to the needs of your body.
What are hormones?
Chemicals that act as messengers in the body.
What hormone does stress or fear cause the body to produce?
Noradrenalin
What are the two ways in which noradrenalin affects the heart?
1) rate of which the heart beats
2) strength of contractions
Note: Both of these ways increase blood flow.
What are receptors?
Specialised cells that detect stimuli changed.
