6. validity and 7. reliability & replicability

Question 1

validity

Answer 1

the extent to which the
researcher is testing what they
claim to be testing.

Question 2

internal validity

Answer 2

how well variables are
controlled. (HIGH internal validity increases the confidence we have that the IV is causing the
effect on the DV)

Question 3

ecological validity

Answer 3

the extent to which the behaviour of ppt during a study matches their real-life behaviour (HIGH ecological validity, high mundane realism - LOW, low generalisability of results)

Question 4

temporal validity

Answer 4

refers to the generalisability of the findings over a different period (results may become MORE or LESS generalisable as pop/environment/technology/attitudes change)

Question 5

population validity

Answer 5

the extent to which the results from the sample can be generalised to the target population (high representation of target pop., pop. validity is high)

Question 6

reliability

Answer 6

the extent to which a procedure, task
or measure is consistent (reliability = consistency)

Question 7

replicability

Answer 7

The extent to which a study can be repeated in the same or very similar way to test for consistent results

Question 8

test-retest (test reliability of procedure/method)

Answer 8

Running the study once and then doing exactly the same study again,

If the results are
the same then the
research is said to
be reliable

If different results are
found the study/measures
will have to be redesigned.

Question 9

split-half (test reliability of questionnaire)

Answer 9

Split the questions in
half and calculate
the score for the DV
for both halves.

If both halves
produce similar
scores for the DV,
the measure is
reliable.

Question 10

inter-rater

Answer 10

The extent to which two researchers interpreting participant responses will produce the same records from raw data.

Question 11

inter-observer

Answer 11

The consistency of the observational data gathered between two researchers watching the same event.