6. Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards
Blood consists of
plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.
Blood is responsible for transporting
nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.
Oxygen is transported in
red blood cells
The shape of a red blood cell is
Biconcave
Red blood cells contain a protein called
Haemoglobin
Red blood cells do not have a
nucleus
Haemoglobin combines with
oxygen in the blood (to form oxyhaemoglobin)
White blood cells help to destroy
pathogens
Phagocytes carry out a process called
phagocytosis
Phagocytes engulf and
digest the pathogen
Lymphocytes produce
antibodies to destroy pathogens
Antibodies are made of
protein
The left side of the heart is thicker because
it pumps blood all around the body (and not just to the lungs)
The blood on the left side of the heart is
oxygenated
The blood on the right side of the heart is
deoxygenated
The top chambers of the heart are known as the left and right
atrium (atria = plural)
The bottom chambers of the heart are known as the left and right
ventricles
The aorta carries blood from
the left ventricle to the body
The pulmonary artery carries blood away from
the right ventricle to the lungs.
The vena cava carries blood from the body
back to the right atrium
The pulmonary vein carries blood from the lungs
back to the left atrium
Valves prevent the
backflow of blood
The blood vessels that supply the heart with food and oxygen are the
coronary arteries
The wall of an artery is made of
thick muscle
Blood flows through an artery at
high pressure
The wall of a vein is made of
thin muscle
Blood flows through a vein at
low pressure
Valves are present in veins to
prevent the backflow of blood
The wall of a capillary is
only 1 cell thick
Capillaries allow the exchange of
gases (eg oxygen & CO2)
Oxygen will diffuse from the capillaries in to
cells (to deliver oxygen for respiration)
Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of cells and in to
the capillaries (and then it will move to the lungs to be breathed out)
