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Musculoskeletal II > 6- Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

6- Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How does the thoracic spine compare to the rest of the spine? why? What does it contribute?

A

it is overall stiffer and less mobile because of the ribcage

It adds significantly to the mechanical stability

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2
Q

What is thoracic kyphosis a result of?

A

lesser anterior height of vertebral body and wedge shape of discs

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3
Q

What is average thoracic kyphosis?

A

20-40 degrees

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4
Q

Where is the apex of the thoracic kyphosis curve?

A

T7-8

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5
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae are typical?

A

T2-T10 (11 and 12 are atypical)

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6
Q

What are the thoracic IVDs like?

A

narrower and flatter

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7
Q

thoracic IVDs contribute approximately ______ of the length of the thoracic column?

A

1/6th

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8
Q

How are the nerve roots situated in the thoracic spine? Is this good or bad?

A

situated behind inferior-posterior aspect of upper VB rather than the disk
Good- decreases risk of root compression

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9
Q

What is significant about the thoracic spinal canal?

A

relatively narrow (mainly T4-9)

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10
Q

Where is the tension point in the thoracic spine?

A

T6

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11
Q

How are the thoracic SPs positioned?

A

first and last 3 are almost horizontal… mid-thorax are long and steeply inclined

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12
Q

Compressive Loading:
T1 endures ______% body weight
T8 endures ______%
T12 endures ______%

A

T1- 9%
T8- 33%
T12- 47%

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13
Q

Explain the “Thoracic Rule of Threes”

A

T1-3: SPs level with their own VB
T4-6: SPs are level with IVD
T7-9: SPs in line with lower TPs
T10-12: by T12 in line with TPs

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14
Q

Superior articular facets of the thoracic vertebrae face _______.

A

Posterior
Lateral
Superior

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15
Q

Inferior articular facets of the thoracic spine face ______.

A

Anterior
Medial
Inferior

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16
Q

Angle of the facets in the thoracic spine is _____ degrees away from the frontal plane.

A

20-30

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17
Q

What is different about T12?

A

transitional vertebra ( superior facets are in the frontal plane, inferior are in the saggital )

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18
Q

Which ribs are true ribs? What makes them true?

A

1-7 (cartilage attaches directly to sternum)

19
Q

Which ribs are false ribs? What makes them false?

A

8-12 (distal attachment is to the costochondral cartilage of the superior neighbor)

20
Q

Which ribs are typical? What makes them typical?

A

3-9 are typical
They have a posterior end with a head, neck, and tubercle. the head has 2 articular facets a superior costal facet, an an inferior costal facet

21
Q

Which ribs are atypical? Why?

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12 are atypical

They only articulate with their own vertebrae via one full facet

22
Q

Which ligaments add strength to the weak anterior capsule of the costotransverse ligament?

A

Medial, Lateral, and Superior costotransverse ligaments

23
Q

What type of joint is between the first rib and sternum?

A

synchondrosis

24
Q

The remainder of the sternocostal joins are ____.

A

synovial

25
Q

What motion does the ligamentum flavum restrict?

A

flexion

26
Q

What motion does the interpinsous and supraspinous ligaments restrict?

A

flexion

27
Q

What motions do the ALL restrict?

A

extension and AP translation

28
Q

What motions do the PLL restrict?

A

flexion and posterior translation

29
Q

What are the primary respiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm, costals and intercostals, transverse thoracis

30
Q

What are the secondary respiratory muscles?

A

scalenes, SP, pectorals, SCM

31
Q

Where does blood supply to the thorax come from?

A

posterior branches of the posterior intercostal arteries

32
Q

Where does venous drainage in the thorax go?

A

antieor and posterior venous plexuses

33
Q

What is the ROM for flexion in the thoracic spine?

A

20-45 degrees

34
Q

What is the ROM for extension in the thoracic spine?

A

15-20 degrees

35
Q

What is the ROM for sidebending in the thoracic spine?

A

25-45 degrees

36
Q

What is the ROM for rotation in the thoracic spine?

A

35-50 degrees

37
Q

What coupling occurs in the thoracic spine?

A

Upper- same side

Lower- either way (lower=lumbar=opposite?)

38
Q

elevation of the ribs in upper thoracic spine = ?

A

“pump-handle motion”

39
Q

elevation of the ribs in the lower thoracic spine = ?

A

“bucket handle motion”

40
Q

What is the spine of the scapula level with?

A

SPs of T3

41
Q

What is the inferior angle of the scapula in line with?

A

T6-9

42
Q

How is the medial border of the scapula oriented?

A

parallel with spinal colum, 5 cm lateral to SPs

43
Q

Individuals carry their dominant shoulder slightly _____ than the other

A

lower

44
Q

The iliac crests are at what spinal level?

A

L4

Musculoskeletal II (11 decks)

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